THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 2l6 survived in the more developed inflectional stage in the form of these compounds. Though the latter member of these compounds is always a noun, it does, in the case of consonantal stems always have an adjectival form, e.g, suyasas - ' of good fame From *(a)su yasas- * good fame ' (cf. Hitt. a£su~ ‘ good ') an adjective, nom. sg. suyasas is formed in the same way as yasas from simple ydsas , since the apophony indicates that the accent was origin- ally on the last syllable of the compound too. The same applies to the w-stems : nom. sg. putundmd ( having many names etc. Adjectival -d is frequently used in the same way as with simple nouns 1 anudrd - ' without water urunasd- ' having a broad nose trivatsa- 1 three years old sarvavedasd- ‘ (sacrifice) in which all property is given aw r ay Other adjectival suffixes are frequently appended, e.g. -ka : pvapitrka - ‘ whose father is alive punyalaksmlka- ‘ having auspicious marks ' ; -ya : hiranyakesya- f golden haired ", mddhuhastya - f having sweetness in the hand ' ; -in : mahdhastin - f having a large hand satagvin- 1 having a hundred cows (2) Adjectival compounds are formed on the basis of the combination preposition + noun. Corresponding to dty dmhas ‘ beyond distress * there exists the compound dtyamhas - ( one who is beyond the reach of distress Similarly dnuvrata - ' obedient abhidyu - ‘ directed to heaven upakaksd - f reach- ing to the shoulder urdhvdnabhas- ' being above the clouds parihastd ' something put round the hand, amulet These compounds frequently take the adjectival suffixes w r hich have been noted above in the case of bahuvrihis : djarasa - ‘reaching to old age apatki- ‘ being in the way paripanthin - r way- layer upatrnya- ‘ lurking in the grass {3) An archaic class, confined entirely to the Vedic language, is composed of a participial first member governing the second member. Examples : vidadvasu- ' winning wealth bharad - vaja - * carrying off prizes ’ , tardddvesa- ( overcoming hostility mandaydtsakha - * rejoicing friends The same type is estab- lished in Old Iranian : Av. vanat • pviana- ‘ wanning battles etc. Sporadically other verbal noun stems are used in the same w T ay : Trasddasyu - ' making enemies tremble raddvasu - ‘ opening up wealth ditivara - ' giving choice things Similar governing compounds are familiar in Greek ; pepiotKos ' carry- ing his house €K€ai 7 T€ 7 ros * dragging robes
