THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 215 B. (i) Bahuvrihi-. The bahuvrihi or possessive compounds contain the same elements and in the same order as the kar- madharaya and tatpurusa compounds but differ in meaning in that the compound functions as an adjective qualifying some other concept. They also differ in accentuation from the karmadharaya and tatpurusa types, being characterised normally by the retention of the accent of the first member of the compound. The distinction between the two opposing types is illustrated by such cases as rtijaputra- ‘ having kings as sons * as opposed to rdjaputrd- ' son of a king * and stiryatejas- ' having the brightness of the sun ’ as opposed to siiryatejds - ' the sun's brightness The following will serve as typical examples of the bahuvrihi type : bahuvrihi - ' having much rice ' (after which the class is named), mayUraroman- ' having the plumes of a peacock indrasatru - ' whose foe is Indra ugrdbdhu - 4 having powerful arms ', dirghdstnasru- 1 long-bearded jivdputra- 4 having living sons iddhagni- 4 whose fire is kindled pra - yatadaksina- 4 who has presented sacrificial gifts ckinndpaksa - 4 whose wing is severed sucddratha- ' having a shining chariot pancdhguri- 4 five-fingered mddhujihva - 4 honey-tongued manigriva- 1 having a necklace on the neck pdtrahasta- ' having a vessel in the hand J , vdjrabdhu - 4 armed with the vajra khara - mukha- 4 donkey-faced In the Vedic language there are occas- ional examples with inflected first member : kratvdmagha- 4 constituting a reward gained by intelligence 4 , dsannisu- 1 having arrows in the mouth diviyoni - 4 whose origin is in heaven The type is widely distributed in the IE languages. Gk. Aev/coiAevo? 4 white-armed poSoBaKrvXos 4 rose-fingered Lat. magnanimus f great-souled capricornus 1 having the horns of a goat Goth, hrainya-hairts 4 pure-hearted O. SI. crlnovlasu 4 black-haired The bahuvrihi likewise originated in the earlier, less inflected period of Indo-European, and it remained after the system of declining adjective and noun in apposition was developed. That development was, as we have seen, unfavourable to the growth of a large class of karmadharaya compounds, since in the simple collocations of adjective and noun the inflected forms were used. On the other hand the bahuvrihi construc- tion could not be so simply transformed, since a substitute could only be found by clumsy periphrases. Consequently it H
