212 THE FORMATION OF NOUNS Compounds of which the last member is a verbal action noun in -li form a special class. Such are dhdnasdti- ' winning of wealth devdhuti- 1 invocation of the gods ', sdmasuti - * pressing of soma ' and devdhiti - ‘ ordinance of the gods These have accent of the first member as opposed to the tatpurusas above and in this respect go with the adjective compounds whose final member is a participle in -ta (virdjdta-, etc.). They are also abundantly formed in the earliest language, a characteristic which is usually reserved for adjective compounds. A few instances where the final member in -ti has acquired a concrete sense are to be classed with the examples above, e.g. devaheti ‘ weapon of the gods ’. The corresponding type appears in other IE languages in such examples as Gk. ^TpoTrarajp 4 mother’s father ", narpaSeXpos 4 father’s brother ", oiKoSeoTroTrjs 1 master of a house ", Lat. muscerda * mouse dung ", Goth, pindangardi- ' king’s house ", O. SI. vodotoku 1 watercourse Besides these there exists in the Vedic language a new type of compound in which the first member retains its genitive ending, and, most frequently, its accent. These are commonest with pdti - as the last member : vdnaspdti- ‘ lord of the wood, tree ", gnaspati- 1 husband of a divine woman ", brhaspdli- 4 lord of de- votion ", etc. ; with one accent amhasaspati- f lord of distress ", name of an intercalary month. Other examples appear rarely : divodasa - 4 servant of heaven ", rdyasposa - ‘ increase of wealth ' ; later, gospada. - 4 cow’s footprint, small puddle dasydhputra- ‘ slave-girl"s son (term of abuse) Compare Gk. AiooKovpoi , etc. This is the type of compound an inflected language might be expected to form. Its emergence in the Vedic language is to be viewed in connection with the comparative rarity of the ordinary type. As in Greek, etc., these had come to play only a small part in the language, and were in comparison with other kinds of compound, unproductive. Later the reverse process sets in ; the frequency of the true tatpnrusa increases and the development of the new inflected type is checked. II. Compounds functioning as adjectives may be divided into two classes according as to whether the latter member is an adjective or noun. A. (i) (a) Compounds with verbal adjective as second member. In these the first member most frequently stands in the accusa- tive relationship to the verbal adjective which forms the
