THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 213 second member. They may be classified according to the various types of stem that appear in the second member. Root-stems : havirdd- ' eating the oblation aivavid- ' know- ing horses vrtrahdn - ‘ slaying enemies Roots in i, u, r may not appear as root nouns and add the augment A : dhanajit- ‘ conquering wealth somasut - ‘pressing soma', jyotiskft- ‘ making light Such compounds with root stems have some- times a passive meaning : manoyuj - ‘ yoked by the will hrdaydvtdh- 4 pierced to the heart The type is familiar in other IE languages^ cf . Gk. Lat. fidicen, artifex, etc. Thematic suffix : annddd- 4 food-eating J , goghna- * killing cows J , devavanda- 4 god-praising karmakara - * workman A newer type in which the first member takes the accusative (or occasionally some other) termination is common in connection with this suffix : dhananjaya- 4 conquering wealth purandard- 4 destroying cities talpesayd- 4 lying on a bed The thematic type is familiar in other IE languages : Av, hasidava - " betray- ing a friend Gk. OvpLopOopos, Spvro/xos, Lat. causidicus , mag- nificus , Russ, vodonos 4 water-carrier etc. Suffix -ana : kesavdrdhana- 4 cutting hair amitrad dm bh a na~ ‘ deceiving enemies/, devayajana- 4 worshipping the gods Suffix -in : ukthasamsin- 4 singing hymns vratacdrin- 4 performing a vow satyavadin - * speaking the truth J . Suffix -i : pathirdksi - ‘ protecting the road sahobhdri - ‘ bearing strength Suffixes -van and -man : somapdvan - r drinking soma *, baladdvun- * giving strength svaduksddman - 4 sharing out sweet things Cf. Gk. 7 roXv 8 €yfxojv. Other suffixes- raslradipsu - ‘injuring the kingdom', lokakrtnu - ' world making nrpdtf- 4 men-protecting Among formations of this kind there is a considerable class in which the form of the last member is modelled on the present stem taken by the root in question. Such are stems ending in : -ya (4th class) : punarmanyd - 4 again thinking of akrstapacyd- 4 ripening without ploughing asuryampasyd - ! not seeing the sun -ay a (10th class and causatives) : anilayd- ‘ not resting *, janamejaya - 4 rousing the people dharmadhdraya- 1 maintain- ing the law Cl. Av. naro vaepaya-. -nva : visvaminvd 4 stimulating all dhiyamjinvd- t danupinva
