ticle उ; cf. उञि च पदे P.VIII.3.21, also उञः P.1.I.17. उञ्छादि a class of words headed by the word उञ्छ which have their final vowel accented acute (उदात्त) ; cf. उञ्छः म्लेच्छा, जल्पः । एते घञन्ता इति ञित्स्वरः प्राप्तः । Kāś. on P. VI.1.160. उट् augment उ affixed to the roots वृ and तॄ before the kṛt affix तृ; cf. तृरुतृतरूतृवरुतृ वरूतृवस्त्रीरिति तरतेर्वृङ्वृञोश्च तृचि उट् ऊट् इत्येतावाग निपात्येते Kāś. on P. VII.2.34. उण् the affix उण्, causing वृद्धि on ac- count of the mute letter ण , pre- scribed after the roots कृ, वा, पा, जि, मि, स्वद्, साध् and अशू by the rule कृवापाजिमित्वदिसाध्यशूभ्य उण् which is the first rule (or Sūtra) of a series of rules prescribing various affixes which are called Uṇādi affixes, the affix उण् being the first of them. e.g. कारुः, वायु , स्वादु, साधु etc.; cf. Uṇādi I,1. उणादि affixes headed by the affix उण्, which are similar to kṛt affixes of Pāṇini, giving derivation mostly of such words as are not derived by rules of Pāṇini. No particular sense such as agent, object etc. is mentioned in connection with these affixes, but, as Pāṇini has stated in 'ताभ्यामन्यत्रोणादयः P.III. 4.75, the various Uṇādi affixes are applied to the various roots as prescribed in any Kāraka sense, except the संप्रदान and the अपादान; in other words, any one of the senses, agent, object, instrument and abode, is assigned to the Uṇādi affix as suits the meaning of the word. Although some scholars believe that the Uṇādi affixes are given by a grammarian later than Pāṇini as there are words like ताम्बूल, दीनार and others included in the list of Uṇādi |
words and that there are many interpolated Sūtras, still the Uṇādi collection must be looked upon as an old one which is definitely mentioned by Pāṇini in two different rules; cf. Pāṇini उणादयो बहुलम् P. III.3.1 and ताभ्यामन्यत्रो- णादयः III.4.76. Patañjali has given a very interesting discus- sion about these Uṇādi affixes and stated on the strength of the Vārttika, तत्रोणादिप्रतिषेधः, that these affixes and the words given in the Uṇādi collection should not be considered as genuinely de- rived.The derivation is not a very systematic and logically correct one and therefore for practical pur- poses, the words derived by the application of the affixes उण् and others should be looked upon as underived; cf. उणादयोSव्युत्पन्नानि प्रातिपदिकानि. M. Bh. on. P.I.1.16, III.4.77, IV.1.1, VI.1.62, VII.1.2, VII.2.8 etc. There is a counterstatement also seen in the Mahābhāṣya उणादयो व्युत्पन्नानि, representing the other view pre- vailing at the time; cf. M. Bh. on III.I.133; but not much importance seems to be attached to it. The different systems of grammar have different collect- ions of such words which are also known by the term Uṇādi. Out of the collections belonging to Pāṇi- ni's system, three collections are available at present, the collection into five pādas given in the prin- ted edition of the Siddhānta Kaumudi, the collection into ten Pādas given in the printed edi- tion of the Prakriya-Kaumudi and the collection in the Sarasvatī- kaṇthābharaṇa of Bhoja forming Pādas 1, 2 and 3 of the second Adhyāya of the work. |
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