88 Notes on Gandapada-Kärika (38) बाह्यतः:- Referring to the external world, the five Mahabhūtas, आध्यात्मिकं - Connected with the body. The तत्त्व is, आत्मा च सबाह्याभ्यन्तरो ह्यजोऽपूर्वोऽनन्तोऽबाह्यः कृत्स्न आकाशवत्सर्वगतः सूक्ष्मोड- चलो निर्गुणो निष्कलो निष्क्रियः ( Sankara). Having known this तत्व, the यति should ever be on his guard not to deviate from it. CHAPTER III This Prakaraņa usually called अद्वैतप्रकरण contains 48 Karikas, The first Prakaraña mainly dealt with ओंकारोपासना and the second wih the वैतथ्य of the विश्व. The problem of the individual soul however was not discussed. If there exits only अद्वैत आत्मन् , what are we to understand by the various Stuti passages dealing with the उत्पत्ति of Jivas and the world? How does the उपास्योपासकभाव come into existence? What is exactly meant by birth or जाति? All such topics are discussed here, and the last Kärika gives the considered opinion of the author as follows: ~ न कश्चिज्जायते जीवः संभवोऽस्य न विद्यते । एतत्तदुत्तमं सत्यं यत्र किंचिन्न जायते ॥ This is the famous अजातिवाद or non-origination doctrine which was first systematically pro- pounded by Gaudapāda. (1) Sankara thus introduces the third Prakarana--ओङ्कारनिर्णय उक्तः प्रपञ्चोपशमः शिवोऽद्वैत आत्मेतिप्रतिज्ञामात्रेण | ज्ञाते द्वैतं न विद्यत इति च । तत्र द्वैताभावस्तु वैतथ्यप्रकरणेन स्वप्नमायागन्धर्वनगरादिदृष्टान्त दृश्यन्वाद्यन्तमत्त्वादिहेतुभि- स्तर्केण च प्रतिपादितः । अद्वैतं किमागममात्रेण प्रतिपत्तव्यमाहोस्वित्तर्केणापीत्यत आह शक्यते तर्केणापि ज्ञातुम् । तत्कथमित्यद्वैत प्रकरणमारभ्यते । 27:- धर्म: ( जीव: ), Sankara. Prof. Vidhuśekhara takes धर्मः to mean' duty'. As the last Kärikā ( III. 48 ) uses the expression जीव, the meaning given by Sankara is a better one. Braman is अज and अद्वैत; the existence of जीव and the उरास्योपासकभाव are possible only when द्वैत is produced. So first, Brahman has to be born ( what exactly is meant by the जाति of Brahman is made clear in the text itself later ), and then Jiva's उपासकत्व can function. The existence of जीव thus depends upon something else. जीव is therelore called a कृपण, one who is unable to stand on one's own legs, a parasite. The जीव who believes in उपासना as a means of reaching Brahman (even though he is really Brahman) has surely an intelligence only
