THE FORMATION OF NOUNS I99 in other IE languages : Gk. eXapos ' stag O. SI. golgbi 4 dove etc. This completes the list of Sanskrit and IE suffixes. As will be seen all IE consonants were capable of being used as elements in the suffixal system. §20. Vrddhi in Derivation In its use of vrddhi Sanskrit has developed a system of deriva- tion which was totally unknown in the parent IE language. It is used in connection with a number of suffixes, which may also function without being associated with vrddhi, and as such have already been treated. Its use is a speciality of the secondary as opposed to the primary derivation. In the earlier language alternative forms without vrddhi occur. Thus the suffix -a (normally accented) which makes adjectives on the basis of the old neuter suffixes, may be associated with vrddhi, e.g. tnanusa - 1 connected with men ; man ' beside mdnusa - 4 man and vapusd - beside vdpusa- 4 beautiful ' from vapus-. This type of formation may be illustrated by a few examples classified according to the various suffixes. Suffix -a : angirasd - 4 descended from Angiras maruta- 4 re- lating to the Maruts tnanava - 4 human ; man jattra - 4 vic- torious ausijd- 4 connected with the priests called ustj-, mdrdtkd - nt. 4 mercy Suffix -ya : daivya- 4 divine saumyd - 4 relating to Soma vayavyd- 4 belonging to the wind # ; neuter abstracts, palitya- 4 greyness drtvijya - 4 priestly office Suffix -t : Agniveii- 4 a descendant of Agnivesa- Pauru - kutsi - 4 a descendant of Purukutsa This type is almost en- tirely confined to patronymics. Suffix -ay ana : patronymics , ' Kdnvdy ana-, Ddksayana etc. Suffix -tya : pdrvaiiya- 4 of the mountains This type is practically confined to the later language. Suffix -ka ; maniakd - 4 mine avasyaka- 4 necessary v&san- tika- 4 of the spring time dharmika - 4 religious etc. ; this type is mainly confined to the later language and few Vedic examples are quoted. Suffix -eya : arseyd- 4 descendant of a sage Janairuteyd - 4 son of Janasruti vast eya- 4 of the bladder 4 {vasti-) t pauru- seya- 4 relating to man 4 , etc. Derivational vrddhi with other suffixes is exceedingly rare ;
