198 THE FORMATION OF NOUNS The voiced guttural, palatalised to j appears in the following athematic formations : dhrsdj - ' bold sandj- 4 old bhisaj- 4 physician ' (cf, Av. °bis t bisaz-) srdj - 4 garland ’ (cf . pratisara- and Lat. sero), trsnaj- 4 thirsty asvapnaj- 4 not sleeping 1 ; (with weak form of suffix) usij- 4 a kind of priest ' (Av. usig-) y vanij- 4 merchant bhurij- 4 shears sphtj- 4 hip ’ (: cf. sphyd - 1 flat ladle 1 ). In the nominal forms trsnaj - and asvapnaj - we have the same sufiixaL combination as is used in the formation of the seventh class of verbs. A thematic -ga appears rarely, e.g. in sfnga- nt. f horn ’ (cf, %**** Lat. cornu , etc.), vdmsaga- 4 bull ' (of uncertain etymology), n WV c patag a > patanga- 4 bird Sufhxal d appears in a small number of athematic formations : drsdd - £ stone * (cf. Gk. Set pds), darad - ‘ cliff, ravine ' (themat. darada- 4 Dard ’), sardd- 4 autumn ' (cf. Av. sardd- 4 year '), bhasdd - * posterior, rump vandd- 4 desire kakud- 4 summit ' *p (cf. kaku-bh - with different suffix). It appears compounded with n in sadandi- 4 permanent 1 (cf. the -nd- of the Lat. gerundive). The suffix ghjh is likewise extremely rare. It occurs in dirgha 4 long ’ (cf. Gk, SoAt^off, Hitt, dalugas ; note that it is preceded by three different suffixes in the three languages, Hitt. u } Gk. i, Skt. h, i.e. dl-n-gho-). The root appears without this suffix in O. SI. dlina 4 length Other cases are vardhd- 4 boar ’ (; Av. vardza- ; the root in Lat. verres, etc.), sardgh- 4 bee and com- pounded with r it appears in sfghrd- 4 swift ’ (: itbham adv. f quickly ’ with different suffix). Sufhxal dh appears in a number of combinations. The suffix -dhra appears in vdrdhra- 4 thong 1 (: varatrd 4 id ') ; it is common in certain other IE languages. The combination - dhya - appears in infinitives like gdmadhyai 4 to go', bhdradhyai 4 to bear', sahadhyai 4 to overcome * and the like (some thirty-five in- stances). A suffix -pa appears in a few rare instances like yUpa - 4 sacri- ficial post ' (yu- 4 to attach, join cf. yutkd- 4 herd ' for u) and stupa- ‘ top-knot ’ (cf. °stu and stuka 4 id '). Non-thematic -bh appears in kakubh- 1 summit * (cf. kaku-d- above), and thematic -bha in a small number of nouns, mostly animal names : vrsabhd- and rsabhd - f bull gardabhd- 4 don- key rdsabhd - 1 id salabhd - f locust sthulabhd- 4 big The specialisation of this suffix in animal names is known also
