OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF SANSKRIT 39 stands immediately before the verbal form with which it is compounded. On the other hand in the Vedic language its position is quite free, and it may be separated from the verb by several words, or, on occasion, come after it. This freedom was characteristic of Indo-European, and elsewhere the tendency has generally been to associate the prefix more closely with the verb as time went on. There is the same difference in this respect between Homeric and classical Greek as between Vedic and classical Sanskrit. Finally there are changes ill vocabulary. This has already been noticed in connection with disuse of certain types of nominal stem formation, but it applies equally to the whole field of vocabulary. A number of old Indo-European words which are current in the Veda are no longer used in the classical period. Such are dtka - 4 garment 1 (Av. a8ka~), dpas 4 work ’ (Lat. opus), dndkas 4 juice of soma plant 1 (cf. Gk. dvdos 4 flower ' ?), dma- 4 strength ’ (Av. ama-), drvant - ‘ steed ’ (Av. aurvant - 4 swift '), avatd - 1 spring ' (Lett, avuols ), ddhra- 4 mean, lowly 1 (Av. ddra-), apt - 4 friend, ally * (cf. Gk. ? faios 4 kind r ), isird- 4 vigorous, strong ’ (cf. Gk. Upo$ 4 sacred Irma- 4 fore- leg * (Lat. armus, etc.), ustj- 4 a kind of priest' (Av. usig -) , rsvd - 4 high ’ (Av. zrzsva-), kravts- 4 raw flesh J (cf. Gk. Kpea$), gdtu - 4 way, course ; abode ’ (Av. gdtu -), gnd 4 wife of god ' (Av. gmd 4 wife Gk. ywtf, etc.), cdnas - 4 pleasure, satisfaction P (Av. canah-), cyautnd- 4 deed, enterprise ' (Av. syaoBna-), janas 4 race '■ (Gk. ycV o?, Lat, genus), jdni- 4 woman ' (Av, faint -), j iiny a - 4 under the care of, entrusted to ' (Sogd. zynyh , Khotanese ysimya-, whence Central Asian Prakrit jkeniga 4 id f ), jrdyas - 4 expanse, flat surface 1 (Av. zrayak - 4 lake '), Utau- 4 sieve ' (for
- titanu-, cf. Gk. StaTTaoj 4 sift ', etc.), tokd - 4 offspring tokman -
4 offshoot ' (Av. taoxman - 4 seed ’), tvaks - 4 to be active, ener- getic ' (Av. Owaxs-), dasmd-, dasrd - 4 accomplished, clever ddmsas- 4 wonderful deed * (cf. Av. dahma - 1 instructed datjra- 4 accomplished day hah- 4 cleverness Gk. SeSae 4 taught aSon/s- 4 uninstructed 4 instructed ', etc.), dam a- 4 house ’ (Lat. domus , etc.), d&nu - 4 moisture ’ (Av. ddnu 4 stream Osset, don), ddivds - 4 worshipper drapsa- 4 banner ' (Av. drafsa-), ndkt - 4 night ? RV 7. 71, 1 (Lat. nox, etc. ; ad- verbial ndktam remains), ndhus- 4 neighbour nima- 'half* (Av. naema-), pan - 4 to praise, extol pasty d 4 habitation pitu- 4 nourishment, food r (Av. pitu~ 4 id Lith. petus 4 midday
