THE VERB 365 § 17, Infinitives The difference between Vedic and classical Sanskrit is no- where more marked than in the infinitive. The classical lan- guage has only one form of infinitive, in turn, which is added to the gunated root ( kdrtum ), and which, like other verbal forma- tive s may be provided with the connecting vowel i (bhdvitum). In the Vedic language this formation is exceedingly rare, but there exists a whole series of other forms classed as infinitives which do not survive in the later language. These Vedic infini- tives consist of a variety of verbal action nouns inflected in various cases, namely : (i) Accusative , from root stems and stems in -tu ; pratiram ' to prolong datum 4 to give The former may be compared with the Qscan-Umbrian infinitives in - omjum : Umbr. erom, Osc. ezum ' to be Osc. edum f to eat *, etc. The latter, which eventually becomes the sole form of infinitive, has parallels in the Latin supine (datum) and in Balto-Slavonic (Lith. deh{, O. SL detu ' to place '). (ii) Dative, much the most frequent type. These infinitives are made from root stems (dr&i ' to see bhujd 4 to enjoy ’), from stems in -as ( dyase 4 to go arhdse ‘ to be worthy of '), from stems in -i (drsdye 4 to see ', yudhdye 4 to fight ’), from stems in -ii (vttdye 4 to enjoy sdtaye 4 to win '), from stems in -tu (Have 'to go’, ydstave ' to sacrifice ') from stems in -lava (dtavai ' to go ’), from stems in dhya ( duhadhyai 1 to milk sdhadhyai 4 to overcome ’), from stems in man (dimane 4 to give ’) and van (ddvdne 1 to give ’). Of these the infinitive in -tavai is remarkable in having a double accent (a phenomenon which has not been explained) , and in always being followed by the particle u (Hava u). This infinitive, and the one in -dhyai are also distinguished in being formed from stems which are not otherwise in active use, and also in preserving the older form of the dative singular which has been replaced by -dya in the declension of nouns. (iii) Ablative-Genitive , from root stems and stems in -tu : avapddas 4 falling down ’, samprcas 4 coming in contact 1 ; itos 4 going nidhdtos 4 putting down (iv) Locative , from root stems ( samcaksi 1 on beholding ’), stems in - san - (nesdni 'to lead 1 ), in -tar- (vi)dhartdri 4 to support (bestow) sotari f in the pressing
