THE VERB 330 ‘ pushes disdti 1 points out mrsati ‘ strokes sprsati 4 touches suvdti ‘ drives kirdti ‘ scatters srjdti 4 lets go In contrast to Sanskrit this type is rare in most of the IE lan- guages, because the preceding class has become normal for thematic verbs. In Greek this type of stem is found usually only in aoristic use, where its contrasts in apophony with the normal thematic presents, pevyco : zpvyov. In such presents of this type as can be found the accent has been transferred to the root (yXvp tu), A fairly common sub-class here is formed by roots taking an infixed nasal : sincdti r sprinkles ', muncdti 1 releases vinddti 4 finds krntdti ‘ cuts lumpdti 4 breaks *, limpdti 4 smears Some are obvious transfers from the seventh class, e.g. unddti , yunjdti beside undtti , yundkti, and it is possible that the whole series arose in this way. The accented suffix -cchd- (IE -ske-) appears in icchati
- wishes ucchdti 4 shines rcchdti 4 goes J (roots is-, vas- t r).
In prcchdti 1 asks ’ (Lat. poscit) it has been incorporated into the root (pf. paprdccha) , but the unextended root appears occasion- ally in nominal derivatives : prasna- ‘ question Y a- Class (Fourth or div- class) The fourth class contains some 130 roots which form their present by means of the suffix ya : e.g. kupyati * is angry krudhyati 1 id tusyati ‘ is pleased yudhyati ‘ fights ’, vidhyati 1 pierces * (vyadh-), divyati r plays hfsyati 4 rejoices tdpyate
- is hot pdiyati 1 sees ndhyati 1 ties This suffix is also used
in the formation of denominative verbs, and the form of the passive differs from the middle of this class only in having suffixal accent. The formation is found in Hittite {wemiezzi 1 finds ", zahhiezi r fights ') and Greek (jLuuVeTa* ' is mad cf. Skt. mdnyate ' thinks fialvaj, etc.). In Latin on the other hand non-thematic stems in -i appear instead of this type ( cupio , cupit as opposed to Skt. kupyati). In Sanskrit the existence of a present stdnyati ‘ thunders ' (O. SI. stenjg) beside the non-thematic stanihi illustrates how the formation may arise by the thematic enlargement of an i-stem in the same way as in nominal stems ( °kravi° : kravya etc.). The apophony of the majority of forms indicates original suffixal accent, such as is found in the passive. On the other hand there are certain forms with vrddhied root, e.g.
