276 NUMERALS, PRONOUNS, INDECLIN ABLES The Pronouns ay dm and asau Paradigms : ( 1 ) Sg. N. m, aydm, f. iydm, n, iddm, A. m, imam , f. imam , nt. iddm, I. m. n. andna , f, andya , D. m. n, asmai, f. asyaf, Ab. m. n. asmdt , f. asyds, G. m, n. asya, f, asyas, L. m. n. asmtn, i. asydm. Du. N.A. m. imau, f. n. ira^, I.D, Ab. dbhyam, GL. andyos . PL N. m. f. n. imdni , A. m. iman, f. irais, n. imdni, I. m. n. f. afcAfs, D. Ab. m. n, ebhyds , f. dbhyds, G. m. n. f. as dm, L. m. n. f. asw. ( 2 ) Sg. N. m. f. asaw, n. arfas, A. m. amum , f. amdm, n. atfas, l. m. n. amiina, f. arawya, D. in. n, amusmai, f. amusyai , Ab. m. n. amusmdt , i. amusyds, G. m. n. f. ara«sya$, L. m. n. amusmin , f. amusydm . Du. N.A. ara«, I.D. Ab, amUbhydm, GL. amwyas. PL N, m. ami, f. amtis, n. aniuni , A. m. amun, f. amtis, n. amUni, I. m. n. amtbhis, f. amUbhis, D. Ab. m.n. amtbhyas amti- bhyas , G. m. n. amisdm , f. amUsdm , L. m. n. amisu,t. amusu . These two pronouns may be classed together as being in many ways aberrant from the normal pronominal declension. The ayam pronoun is distinguished by the number of different stems that combine to form the paradigm. The fundamental stems are ay-(e-)ji and a-. The nom. sg. masc. ayara (: Av. a£w) is made by the addition of the common pronominal -dm (cf. ahdm, etc.) to the gunated form of the first stem. The nom. sg. fern, iydm {Av. im for *iy?m f 0. Pers. iyam both masc, and fern.) is a similar extension of i- <i-H. In the same way the nom. acc, sg. nt. is an extension of id (: Lat. id) which remains in use as a particle. Latin has the same extension in idem J the same with a specialised sense that is absent in Sanskrit. The same extension applied to an acc. sg. masc. *im (Gk. tv ■ avrov, Lat. im ‘ eum ’) has produced imam (: Av. mum, 0. Pers. imam), from which a new stem imd- is abstracted and extended to the acc. sg. fern, imdm (: Av. imam , 0. Pers. imam), nom. acc. du. masc. imau (: Av. ima), fern. nt. ime, nom. pi. masc. imd (: Av. ime, 0. Pers. imaiy), acc. pi. masc. imdn (: Av. ima), nom. acc. pi. fern, imds (Av. imd(s), O. Pers. imd) nt. imd(ni) (Av. imd). The stem is occasionally extended to other cases in the Vedic (but never in the classical) language : imdsya, imasmai ; similarly in Iranian (Av. nom. acc. sg. nt. imat,
