NUMERALS, PRONOUNS, INDECLINABLES 261 dkddasa ' 11 is from dvtidasa. The numeral 19 may alterna- tively be expressed ekonavimiati * 20 less I The tens from 20-90 are feminine substantives and as such decline properly in the singular, with the gen. pi. of the things enumerated ; navatim navydnam ' 90 navigable streams *, etc. But they may also be construed either (1) agreeing in case, but not in number, with the noun enumerated, vimsatyd harihhih
- with 20 bay horses b or even (2) adjectivally, agreeing also in
number with it : pancdsadbhir banaih * with 50 arrows The intervening numerals are constructed like those from 11-19 : trdyastrimsat- ' 33 ', cdtuhsasti ‘ 64 etc. 20-50 : vimsati- ; cf. Av. vrsaiti, Gk. *likogl, Lat. viginti, etc. trimsdt : cf. A. Orisas , acc. sg. drisatem, Lat. trigintd, etc. catvdrimiat ; cf. Av. caOwarzsatdtn (acc. sg.), Gk. rerrapd- kovtcl, Lat. quadrdginta, etc. pancasdt- : cf. Av. pancdsat-, Gk, TrevTrjKovra, Lat. quin- qudginta, etc. The element -sat- which appears in these four numerals is out of kmt -, which further stands for dknit-, a reduced form of the numeral 10, with the ^-suffix that appears in Skt. dasdt - ' de- cade The reduced form belongs properly to the w r eak cases, since Av. Orisas 1 30 and visas 1 20 show that the strong stem {-iant-) was originally used in the nom. sg. This stem was originally neuter and could be inflected as such along with the preceding numeral (Gk. rerrapa- kovtcl 1 4 tens etc.). In San- skrit the neuter pi. inflection appears in the first member in catvdri-m-sdt and pancd-sdf-. Its absence from the second member is explained by the fact that this inflection could be optionally omitted (cf. visvdni vdsu, etc., p. 237). The f-stem vimsati- was originally a dual *vi salt ‘ 2 tens The vi which appears here in the sense of f 2 ' is the normal word in Tocharian in place of the usual dvau , etc. (A. wu t we (fem.), B. wi). It may be identified with the prefix vi- ' apart, separate The presence of the nasal at the end of the first member is unexplained, and outside Indo-Aryan it appears only in Oss. insdi * 20 60-90. sasti, saptati-, atitt- , navati-. These are formed in a manner quite different from the preceding. They are abstract or collective nouns formed by means of the suffix - ti, meaning primarily ‘ hexad ", etc. The primary meaning is retained in the similarly formed pankti- ‘ group of 5 and O. SI. Se$tl % which corresponds in form to Skt. sasM-, means simply 1 6 The
