THE FORMATION OF NOUNS I90 etc., for the prevalence of the i-suffix in connection with this root). A similar incorporation of suffixal u is seen in ddbhuta- and dnatidbkuta- from the root dabh- (pres, dabh-n-6-ti). In the same way we may account for -itar beside -tar in the agent nouns: marditar - ‘ forgiver cf. mrddyati , mrdayaku-, mrdtkd- (Av. nmdzdika -), panitdr- 4 praiser cf. pandyati , pandydti , panista , aor., panayayya , pdnisti -) ; likewise vardhitdr-i vardhdya coditdr- : coddya -, etc. The process is illustrated by a similar development occasionally in connection with the u- suffix. The agent nouns tarutdr - ' conqueror dhanutar- ' run- ning swiftly ' and sdnutar- 4 winning ' incorporate the w -suffix which appears in the present tense ( tarute , tUrvati ; dhdnvati ; sanoti) and elsewhere {tdrusa- etc.). From these instances it is clear that the i in a fair number of verbal forms and nominal derivatives was etymologically justi- fied, and the analysis in such cases does not differ from that of any other forms containing compound suffixes. What Indo- Aryan has done is, on the basis of a modest number of such forms to extend the use of i in the verbal derivation on a vast scale. The analogical i which then comes to be so abundantly used, ceases to be subject to the usual analysis and acquires the character of a union vowel or euphonic augment. The i which appears in the alternative form of certain termin- ations (papt-imd beside cakr-md, etc.) was also in origin suffixal. There are some non-thematic presents in -i (svdpiti, svdsiti, dniti, jaksiti, etc.) with parallels elsewhere (Lat. capid , capis , capit, etc.). They are defective, and since they no longer form a complete present system, they have been attached to the root class, the i being treated as union vowel. There are also some scattered preterite forms lajayit, bddhithds , atarima, avadiran , asth-ithds, asthiran , etc.) which have become attached to the is- aorist. This type of conjugation is based on the t-stem, just as Vedic tarute is based on a w-stem , so that in origin the i here is not different from suffixal i elsewhere. But it came to have the character of an addition to the termination and this enabled this type of termination to be transferred to the perfect. The perfect stem is based only on the root, so the i in the perfect terminations can only be accounted for as a borrowing from the present and preterite forms of the above type where its presence is etymologically justified ( bubudhimd , dadimd ; bubudhird , dadhire, etc,, after atarima , iiire, etc.).
