i86 THE FORMATION OK NOUNS period : ddityd - ‘ descendant of Aditi graivyd - ‘ relating to the neck prdjdpatya- ( relating to Prajapati ', p&ncajarvya- ‘ relat- ing to the five peoples etc. In the Sanskrit suffix -ya two suffixes have been confounded. These are distinguishable in the Veda by means of the metre which shows that there is a monosyllabic - ya appearing in such words as kavyd- ' wise J , dvya- ‘ belonging to a sheep vdnya-
- of the forest ', etc., and a disyllabic suffix -iya appearing in
ddmiya- ' belonging to the house rdthiya- * relating to a chariot jdniya- 4 relating to the people visiya - * belonging to the community udaniya- 1 watery etc. Of these -ya is the suffix discussed above, and it was formed on the basis of the suffix -i by the addition of the thematic vowel. On the other hand the suffix -iya represents earlier -in a and it was formed on the basis of the suffix These formations are therefore dealt with in the next section in connection with that suffix. A small number of thematic formations have the s-suffix in the guna grade. Such are : sasaya- ‘ abundant, frequent ' (cf. s a sty as- ‘ -more numerous ’ and sdsvant -} , susmaya - ' strength- ening gavayd - 4 Bos gavaeus sdnaya -, sandy a- ‘ old tdnaya -
- offspring, son kupaya - 4 seething ', ddsataya- * tenfold '
(: dasati- 'decade'); also a couple of double formations hit any dy a- ‘ golden gavydya- 4 bovine The same type of suffix is found in other IE languages : Gk. xpv&eos 4 golden ", Lat. aureus , igneus , etc. Though the adjectival suffix -va is not uncommon, it never received anything like the extension of - ya , and its connection with the M-suffix, or other derivatives from it, remains in most cases evident. Examples with final accentuation are rsvd- ' lofty ' (Av. ?r?sva - ' upright, exalted urvd- 4 enclosure ' (vf- 4 to surround, cover J , originally adj. ' enclosed '), hrasvd *
- short urdhvd- ' erect ' (Av. zrzSwa-, Lat. arduus), takvd-
' speedy ' (beside tdku-), yahva - * young, youngest ' (Av. yezivt fern. ; beside yahu- ' id '), rkvd- 4 singing hymns ' (beside fkvan fkvant 1 id ’), dhruvd- ‘ firm 1 (Av. drva 0. Pers. duruva- ' sound, healthy '), tnalva- 4 foolish iydva- 4 dark ' (Av. sydva- ; beside sydmd- with w-suffix), ranvd - ' joyful, enjoyable ' (be- side rdnvan-) , jtvd- f alive, living being J (O. SI. zivu, Lith. g$vas, Lat. vivus, Osc. tews nom. pi.), pakvd- ‘cooked, ripe" (adapted as past participle), sarva- n. of a deity (Av. saourva lit. * one armed with a sdru- t 4 dart '), sruvd- ‘ ladle sikvd 1 skilful ' (be-
