THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 1 66 agent nouns ; in the latter use they also appear most frequently as the latter members of compounds : devastut- ‘ praising the gods visvajit- ‘ all-conquering jyotiskft~ ' making light etc., etc. Like the root stems they have generalised the weak grade in declension. In this way the t- formations have come to form one system with the root nouns, since they are used in identical circum- stances and with exactly the same function as the root stems in the case of other roots. For this reason the Indian grammar- ians do not class the t which appears here as an ordinary suffix (pratyaya-) , but consider it to be a special addition or augment (i dgama -). The suffix i has acquired this character of augment in a number of other formations, notably in the gerunds in -ya ( °jitya 1 having conquered etc., as opposed to °drsya ' having seen '), and in the adjectival formations in van (kftvan- ‘ -active ' as opposed to ydjvan- ‘ worshipping '). In these cases too it appears to strengthen the roots ending in i, u and r. We shall see below that the same kind of development has taken place, and to a greater degree, with the suffix i. The compound suffix -it appears in a few examples, yosit- ' woman divit- 1 brilliance ' (whence divitmant- * brilliant ') sarit - ‘ river harit- 1 green, yellow rohit- 1 red These are accented on the suffix, but this does not agree with the apo- phony ; cf. the type socis-. The adjectives harit - and rohit-, which must originally have been accented on the root, were at one time stems w f hich could be used indifferently as* nouns or adjectives. Of these the adjectives hdrila- and rohita- are thematic extensions, and they preserve the original accent of the simpler forms, because they belong to that small class of adjectives which do not take the normal adjectival accent owing to the adjectival character of the stems on which they are based (cf. vdpus- t vdpusa- above). A suffix -ut appears in Marut - n. of the storm gods (*mar- ‘ to shine * : cf. mdrici - ‘ ray ' and Gk. fiapfialpco , afiapvGca>) , also in garmut - fem. ‘ a kind of grass and garut°- which is found only in the derivative garutmant ‘ winged The guna grade of this suffix -vat is employed in the middle cases of the perfect participles (vidvddbhyas, etc.) and the nom. acc. sg. nt. (vidvdt). In Greek it is used throughout the masculine (etSdk, ctSoros, etc.). A few adverbs are made with this suffix : sanat ' of old pradaksinit * moving to the right cikitvit * carefully '. Simi-
