508 raktänga, Sarcogyps calvus, Black (or King) Vulture, Vautour royal, 1881 raghata, Falco jugger, Lagger Falcon, Faucon laggar, 227 "Cygnus columbianus davidi Swinhoe 1870, Swinhoe's Swan, known from the unique type from Tientsin, in Hopey, China, is probably a young C (columbianus) bewickii"]; Cygnus olor, Mute Swan, Cygne tuberculé, 433 n. räji-suka, Psarisomus dalhousiae, Long- tailed Broadbill, Eurylaime psittacin, 118. rukkha-kotaka (P), any of the Picidae. (Woodpecker/Pic), 54n 2, 119 rucaka-päravata, Columba pulchricollis, Ashy Wood Pigeon, Pigeon cendré; Columba palumbus, [Common] Wood Pigeon, Pigeon ramier, 256 rocisnu, Leiothrix lutea, Red-billed Liothrix, Léiothrix jaune, 32 rana-pakṣī, Aquila rapax, Tawny Eagle, ropanākā, Gracula religiosa, Hill Myna (or Aigle ravisseur, 208 rana-matta, idem, 208 rangana(-yena). Falco tinnunculus, [Common] Kestrel, Faucon crécerelle. 155. 220, 233 rajani-baka, any nocturnal Ardeidae (Night Herons and various Bitterns / Fr.. Bihoreaux and Blongios), except the Botaurus stellaris, [Great] Bittern, Butor étoilé, 405 rajju-dala, rajju-dalaka, Terpsiphone paradisi, Paradise Flycatcher, Tchitrec del paradis, 14, 54 rajju-väla, idem, 54ff. rapalankarana-kanka, Haliastur indus, Brahmany Kite, Milan sacré, 243 rata-nidhi, Motacilla alba, White Wagtail, Bergeronnette grise, 106 as rală, certain noisy ground insects, incorrectly identified Bulbuls (family Pycnonotidae), 35, 38, 39, cf. kamiyaka ravi-hamsa (P; Ja VI 539,15), Dendrocygna bicolor, Large Whistling Teal [Fulvous Whistling-duck, Dendrocygne fauve, 450 raga-paksi, Aquila rapax. Tawny Eagle. Aigle ravisseur, 208 Birds in Sanskrit Literature raja-putrikā, Charadrius dubius, Little Ringed Plover, Pluvier petit-gravelot, 357; Charadrius placidus, Long-billed (Ringed) Plover, Pluvier à long bec, 357 raja-baka, Ciconia ciconia, White Stork, Cigogne blanche, 390 raja-bhattikä, 357, cf. raja-putrikā raja-vihangama, Coracias benghalensis, Indian Roller, Rollier indien, 17 rája-suka, Psittacula eupatria, Large Indian Parakeet (Alexandrine P.]. Perruche alexandre, 143 rája-särasa. Pavo cristatus, Peacock [Indian Peafowl], Paon bleu, 270 raja-hamsa, any of the Anatidae, genus Cygnus (Cygnus cygnus, Whooper Swan, Cygne chanteur; Cygnus olor, Mute Swan, Cygne tuberculé), 426ff.; Anser anser. Greylag Goose, Oie cendrée, 436, 437, 440 raja-hamsa (P), Cygnus cygnus, Whooper Swan, Cygne chanteur, Anser indicus, Bar- headed Goose, Oie à tête barrée, 427f.; Cygnus columbianus davidi, "Chinese Swan" [Tundra Swan]. Cygne siffleur, 430 [N.B. According to Sibley and Monroe, Grackle), Mainate religieux, 811 rohini, rohinikä, Anas crecca, Common Teal, Sarcelle d'hiver, 455 1 lakṣmaṇa, Grus antigone, Sarus (Indian) Crane, Grue antigone, 312 lagna, female of the Falco jugger, Lagger Falcon, Faucon laggar, 220, 221, 227 laghu-jangala, 286, cf. alpa-kapiñjala langana, male of the Falco jugger, Lagger Falcon, Faucon laggar, 227; cf. rangana(- Syena) latukikä, Amandava amandava, Red Munia [Red Avadavat], Bengali rouge, 91 latasaka, various Laniidae (Shrike / Pie- grièche), 57 latva, any of the Pycnonotidae (Bulbul / Bulbul), 34ff.; Pycnonotus leucogenys, White-checked Bulbul [Himalayan B.J. Bulbul à joues blanches, 34, 37, 54, 57; also Pycnonotus leucotis, White-eared Bulbul, Bulbul à oreillons blancs; Pycnonotus melanicterus, Black-headed Yellow Bulbul [Black-crested B.], Bulbul à tête noire, 37; Calandrella rufescens, Lesser (Rufous) Short-toed Lark, Alouette pispolette, 35; Rhipidura aureola, White- browed Fantail (Flycatcher), Rhipidure à grands sourcils; and Rhipidura albicollis, White-throated Fantail (Flycatcher), Rhipidure à gorge blanche, 35, 53, 54, 90 latväkä, Amandava amandava, Red Munia [Red Avadavat], Bengali rouge, 53, 54,91 lapa(ka-sakuna) (P), may refer to: Turnix suscitator, Common Bustard-Quail [Barred Buttonquail]. Turnix combattant, 289 Index Sanskrit lalaka, Amandava amandava, Red Munial [Red Avadavat], Bengali rouge, 91 lava, may have been used to refer to any of the Turnicidae (Bustard Quail [Button- quail]/Turnix); smaller than the Common or Grey Quail (Coturnix coturnix, Fr. Caille des blés). Bush Quails (Fr. Perdicules), came to be regarded as varieties of lava, 285ff., 291 lopa, lopayikā, the smaller Quails (Bush Quails Perdicules) and all Turnicidae (Bustard Quail [Buttonquail] / Fr. Turnix), 286, 288, 291 loha, Harpactes erythrocephalus, Red-headed Trogon, Trogon à tête rouge, 164 loha-tunda-käkola (or-väyasa), Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, Red-billed Chough, Crave à bec rouge, 6, 10, 11 loha-pakst, loha-prstha, 164, cf. loha Joha-prsta-kanka, Haliastur indus, Brahmany Kite, Milan sacré, 213, 242, 243 lohändi sakuni, Falco tinnunculus, [Common] Kestrel, Faucon crécerelle, 233 lohitä, Anas crecca, Common Teal, Sarcelle d'hiver, 455 V vakra-tunda, any of the Psittacidae (Parakeet /Perruche), 143 vakra-näsa, may refer to: Strix aluco, (Himalayan) Wood Owl, Chouette hulotte, 177 vaca, may refer to a Parrot (Fr. Perruche), 142 vacă, may refer to: Gracula religiosa, Hill Myna (or Grackle), Mainate religieux, 142 vajra-niskambha, cf. garuda, a mythical bird; or Aquila chrysaetos, (Himalayan) Golden Eagle, Aigle royal, 207 vañculaka, may refer to any of the Gaviidae (Diver or Loon/Plongeon), 463 vanjula, any of the Cinclidae (Dipper / Cincle), esp. Cinclus pallasii, Brown Dipper, Cincle de Pallas, 43; Podiceps. ruficollis [Tachybaptus r.], Little Grebe (or Babchick), Grèbe castagneux, 43, 461 vanjulaka, Podiceps nigricollis, Black- necked Grebe, Grèbe à cou noir, 462; Podiceps cristatus, Great Crested Grebe, Grèbe huppé, 462, 463 vata, Gypaetus barbatus, Lammergeyer (or Bearded Vulture), Gypaète barbu, 195 vata-hä, Megalaima virens, Great (Hill) Himalayan) Barbet, Barbu géant, 124 509 vadabha (Skt, not Pkt!), idem, 124 vana-kaka, 8, 10, 20, cf. aranya-kaka vana-kukkuta, Gallus gallus, Red Junglefowl (Common or Wild Cock), Coq bankiva, 273 vana-kulinga, vana-cataka, tree-sparrows in general, as distinct from the grha-kulinga (House Sparrow / Moineau domestique), 92,95 vana-casa, one of the Corvidae, tribe. Corvini, genus Garrulus (Jay / Geai), 16. 20 vara-cataka, probably refers to the various Rosefinches or to the Scarlet Finch (Fr. Roselins), 93 varanda, Gracula religiosa, Hill Myna (or Grackle), Mainate religieux, 81 vara-hamsa, Phoenicopterus ruber, [Greater] Flamingo, Flamant rose, 408, 409, 412, 420 varişã-priya, Cacomantis passerinus, Plaintive Cuckoo [Grey-bellied C.]. Coucou à tête grise, 131 varistha-tittira, Tetraogallus himalayensis, Himalayan Snowcock. Tétraogalle de l'Himalaya, 284 vartaka (with variants värtäka, värtaka, etc.), the largest Quail: Coturnix coturnix. Grey Quail [Common Q.], Caille des blés, 109,285; Quails in general, 289 vartaki, variant of vartika, not to be confused with Calandrella rufescens, Lesser (Rufous) Short-toed Lark, Alouette pispolette, 109 vartikā, smaller Quails: Coturnix coromandelica, Black-breasted Quail [Rain Q.J. Caille nattée; Coturnix chinensis, Blue-breasted Quail, Caille peinte, 285; any Quails, 289; not to be confused with: Calandrella rufescens, Lesser (Rufous) Short-toed Lark, Alouette pispolette, 109 varti-cataka, Calandrella rufescens, Lesser (Rufous) Short-toed Lark, Alouette pispolette, 109 vartira, Bushquails (Fr. Perdicules), similar to small Partridges: Perdicula asiatica, Jungle Bush Quail, Perdicule rousse-gorge, Perdicula argoondah, Rock Bush Quail, Perdicule argoondah, 286, 287 vartirika, cf. vartira vartulakṣa, Hieraaetus fasciatus, Bonelli's Eagle, Aigle de Bonelli, 211 vartulaksa-syena, idem, 211 varttaka, varttaka, not to be confused with Calandrella rufescens, Lesser (Rufous)
