( xviii ) Manusmrti; Mrga-paksi-sastra of Hamsadeva, translated by M. Sundaracarya. V. Protection of birds: The fifth Pillar Edict of Emperor Asoka prohibits the killing of about ten birds; and so do several Smrti works, e.g. Manusmrti, ch. 5. 11-14; Vispusmrti, ch. 50. 32-38, and ch. 51. 29-31, prescribes expiation for eating them; the Parásarasmrti or samhita,ch. 6. 2-8, provides expiation for the killing of different birds numbering about thirty-six in all. VI. Prakrit and Pali works: Lalita-vistar, Dr. Rajendralala Mitra's edn. Supás-nähacariam (Supārsvanáthacaritam) of Laksmana-gani. Oyavaiya-suttam (Aupapatika Sütram), edited by N.G. Suru, Poona. Panhavägarnaim (Prainavyákaranam), the tenth Anga of the Jaina canon, ed. by Amulya Candra Sen (Wurzburg), Section 3, ch. 1, mentions over fifty-birds. Sutta-Nipata; Digha-Nikaya; Anguttara-Nikaya; Majjhima-Nikaya, of the Pali Text Series. Sandesa-Rásaka of Abdur-rahamana Singhi Jaina Malá, No. 22, ed. by Shri Jina Vijaya Muni. Verses, 140 & 144, mention the pleasant notes of certain birds during the rainy season; others in 164 & 165, during autumn; and others in 217, during spring. The Jataka: quite a number of Jätaka stories have bird-titles, e.g. Tittiri Jataka; Kukkuta J.; Hamsa J.; Baka J. etc., and more than fifty different birds are mentioned in them. VII. Medical works: classify The Mamsa-Varga of the Samhitäs of Caraka and Suśn the birds empirically under four groups and describe the properties of their flesh for use as medicine, but while the book Hastyayur- veda does so for the treatment of the wounds and diseases of the elephant, it also recommends the keeping of the royal mount in the jungle and near water during the spring, rains, and autumn, where he is expected to improve his health and also poetically to enjoy the company and the music of the birds-also the roar of the tiger. The Bhela-Samhita, said to be older than the Caraka, prescribes the flesh of the various birds more often than Caraka and Suśruta for the treatment of various human diseases. VIII, Sanskrit, Pali, Präkrit and other lexicons: Amarakośa; Abhidhana-cintamani and Anekartha-samgraha of Hemacandra, the latter with the comm of Mahendra, cd. by Th. Zachariae (Vienna); Abhidhana-ratnamåla of Halayudha; Raja- nighantu of Harihara Pandita; Bhavaprakasa-nighantu of Sri Bhava Misra; Visva-prakasa of Maheśvara Sudhi; Anekartha-kośa of Sasvata; Trikandasesa of Purusottama; Visvalocana or Muktavali- xix ( ) kosa of Sridhhara-senacarya; Astanga-hrdaya-kośa compiled by K.M. Vaidya (Trichura); Kalpadrukośa of Keśava (Baroda); Vacaspatyam of Taranatha Bhattacharya; Abhidhana-Ratnamală of Halayudha; Ratnasamanvayakośn of Raja Sábaji; Vaijayantikola of Yadava Prakasa; Mankh kośa, ed. by T. Zachariae; Medini-kośa; Sabdartha-cintamani-kośa; Dhanvantari-nighantu; Madanpala- nighantu; Sabda-Kalpadruma of Rådhåkänta Deva; several Upadi Sutras; and Hindi Sabda-Sågara; Paia-sadda-mahannavo (Prakrit- šabda-mahârnava; a comprehensive Prakrit-Hindi Dict. with Sanskrit equivalents); Desinäma-måla of Hemacandra; Päialachhi-nama- mala of Dhanapala; Abhidhana-rajendra; Ardha-magadhi-kośa; Abhidhänappadipika by Muni Jina Vijaya; Bird-names extracted. from tho Pali Dictionary compiled by the Pali Text Society; Mundari- English Dict. by N.B. Bhaduri; Mahá-vyutpatti-kośa (Bibliotheca Buddhica, XIII). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, and English and Sanskrit Dictionary, by M. Williams; Practical Sanskrit-English Dict. by V.S. Apte; Sanskrit Worterbuch (by Otto Bohtlingk & Rudolph Roth) from which references for about fifty bird-names were extracted; Diction- ary of Kashmirian Language, by Sir G.A. Grierson. IX. Books on birds: Fauna of British India--Birds, 1st ed. by E.W. Oates, and 2nd ed. by S. Baker; Birds of India, by T.C. Jerdon; Popular Hand-book of Indian Birds, by H. Whistler; Indian Birds or Avifauna of British India, by James A. Murray; Game Birds of India, 1. by Hume and Marshall (Vols. 2 & 3), 2. by S. Baker; Indian Ducks and Their Allies, by S. Baker; Book of Indian Birds, by Salim Ali; Birds of Prey of Punjab, by C.H. Donald (Bombay N.H.S., vol., XXVI); Bāz-Nama-i-Nasiri, by Hussain and Lt. Col. D.C. Phillot; Birds of the Indian Garden, by T. Bainbrigge; Birds of Darjeeling and India, by L.J. Mackintosh and C.M. Inglis; Common Birds of India, by Douglas Dewar and Yeats; Cambridge Natural History, Vol. IX., by A.H. Evans; Several Vols. of ornithology of the Naturalists Library, and also of Stray Feathers by A. O. Hume & others; Cassell's Book of Birds edited by T.R. Jones; Hume's Nest and Eggs of Indian Birds; and few others. Vedic Index of Names and Subjects, by Macdodell & Keith, for birds in Vedic literature; Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics; Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th and 14th edns.
