( from the rich library of the International Academy of Indian Culture. I also acknowledge my deep obligation to my friend, Padma Bhushana, Dr. Siddheshwar Varma, who went through my work with great interest from the point of view of a general reader, and offered many a valuable suggestion both with reference to the presentations of particular topics and the grammatical derivation of some of the Sanskrit and vernacular. bird-names. I was a member for a few years of the Bombay Natural History Society and am thankful to it for some factual information furnished to me regarding certain birds and animals. xvi) Finally, I am grateful to the Ministry of Education, Government of India for the financial support it has given to the publication of this work. K. N. Dave Jabalpur, July 25, 1980 Postscript The author passed away on the 6th of November, 1983 and could neither see his work in print, nor revise this introduction. I wish to place on record our debt of gratitude, on his behalf, to the great ornithologist Dr. Salim Ali and the Oxford University Press for their permission to use the picture plates of birds that greatly enhance the readability of this work. The Oxford University Press deserve our special thanks for printing the plates. Our thanks are also due to the publisher, Motilal Banarsidass for bringing out this valuable contribution to the study of Sanskrit literature. A considerable labour of love has been put into the publication of this work by my brother, P. K. Dave and my wife, Smita. New Delhi June 15, 1984 A. K. Dave WORKS READ/CONSULTED IN THE PREPARATION OF THE PRESENT VOLUME I. The Rgveda, Atharvaveda, and Samhitäs of the Yajurveda-the Taittiriya and Vajasaneyi, with translations in English by Griffith, Wilson, Macdonell, M. Muller (hymns to the Maruts), H. Olden- berg (hymns to Agni), Whitney (AV), and Keith (TS). II. The Epics; Ramayana of Valmiki and the Mahabharata together with the Harivamia. III. The Puranas: Vayu P. (Anandasrama Press, Poona); Matsya P. (do.); Märkandeya P. (Syamakasi Press, Mathura); Siva Mahápurana (do.); Kūrma P. (Venkatesvara Press, Bombay); Padma P. (do.); Brahma- vaivarta P. (do.); Brahma P. (do); Skanda P. (do.); Varaha P.(do.); Brahmanda P. (do.); Náradiya Maha, (do.); Linga P. (do.); Bhavisya P. (do.); Garuda P. (do.); Bhagavata P. (Gita Press, Gora- khapur); Vişnu P. (do.); the Jaina Maha P. (Adi P. and Uttara P. by Jinasenācārya and Gunabhadrâcárya, Syâdväda Granthamála, No. 4). IV. All the works of Kálidasa and Bhavabhūti; Anargha-raghava of Mura- ri; Prasanna-raghava of Jayadeva; Prabodha-candrodaya of Krspa Miśra Yati; Venisamhara of Bhatta Narayana; Mrochakatika of Südraka; Subhadra-Dhananjaya and Tapati-samvarana of Kulas- ekhara Varma; Sisupala-vadha of Magha; Saundarananda of Afva- ghoşa; Kirátârjuniya of Bhåravi; Naişadha-carita of Sriharsa; Gita-govinda of Jayadeva; Bhartrhari's Satakatrayam; Natya-śástra of Bharata Muni; Bala-Ramayana of Kavi-fekhara; Rāmāyaṇa- mañjari & Bharata-mañjari of Kşemendra; Amaru-Sataka; Kad- ambari Pürva-bhága; Pañcatantra; Hitopadeśa; Aryasaptašati of Govardhana; Vikramäñkadeva-carita of Bilhana; Bhojaprabandha of Ballála; Buddhacarita of Ašvaghosa; Kautillya Arthasastra; Mudra-raksasa of Visakhadatta; Works published in Kävyamálá series Nos. 3-7, 9 & 14; Subhäşita-ratna-bhändägaram (Venkates- vara Press, Bombay) and quotations under Bird-names in Sabda- kalpadruma; Yasastilaka-campů of Somecieva Sûri; Nala-campú of Trivikrama; Brhatsamhita of Varahamihira, and Vasantaraja- śäkuna, for birds of augury; Katha-sarit-sagara; Kausika Sutra, edited by M. Bloomfield, JAOS Vol. XIV; Samadhiraja-Sotra (Gilgita Mss. Vol. II); Smrtinam Samuccayaḥ, Poona; Yajňavalkya Smrti; Dharm-shastra-sangraha, Vol, 1; Apastamba Dharma-Sutra;
