Lesson XVIII. 75 accu 218. Final vowels take १rddha before अय; thus, भू, भावयति; का, कारयति । 219. Sonie verbs of causative ineaning are by formation de- nominatives; thus पालयति, 'protect', called causative to 2पाः प्री- णयति, to प्री; भीषयति, to भी; घातयति, to हन् । 220. For the passive of causatives, see Less. X. 5 221. The causatives of intransitive verbs are transitive. The causatives of transitive verbs are construed sometimes (a) with two accusatives, sometimes (6) with an acc. of the object and an in- strumental of the agent. Thus, “he causes the birds to eat the cakes may be rendered either (०) : विहगान् पिण्डान् खादयति, or (6) विहंगैः पि० खा. 222. Participles. The general participial endings are a (weak form wa) for the active, and yta for the middle. But after a tense - stem in the active suffix is virtually a, one of the two अ's being lost; and the middle suffix is मान (ex- cept आन sometimes in causative forms). Thus, भवन्त् bhdcant, aza tudánt, tan divyant, altera coráyant ; Haata bháva- māna, etc. For the declension of the participles in a see below, Less. XXIII. 223. Pronoun of the First Person. The pronominal declension exhibits some striking peculiarities which are not easily explained. The pronoun of the first person is declined thus: | Sing. Dual. | Plural. N. अहम् आवाम्। वयम् A. माम्, मा आवाम्, नौ । अस्मान्, नस् I. मया । आवाभ्याम् । अस्माभिस् D. मह्यम्, मे । , नौ अस्मभ्यम्, नस् Ab. मत् अस्मत्. G. मम, मे आवयोस्, नौ अस्माकम्, नस् L. मयि असामु Univ Calif - Digitized by Microsoft ®
