[ XVII ]
V. Sentences. The two main forms of the sentence are: (1) that in the active voice, and (2 ) that in the passive.
( 1 ) Active : न मां कर्माणि लिपंति ( iv. 14 )=Actions do not stain me.
( 2) Passive : लिप्यते न स पापेन ( V. 10)= He is not stained by sin.
In construing a shloka the first thing to do is to separate out the words, so as to give to each its complete and independent existence ; the coalesced tails and heads [ सन्धि ] are first dissolved into their component parts; then the compound words are separated, and any lacking case-endings supplied; then the words are arranged in their prose order. In Samskrit order matters comparatively little, but still there is more inversion permissible in poetry than in prose. Let us take i. 2, 3.
दृष्ट्वा तु पांडवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा।
आचार्यमुपसंगम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ।
Separated into independent words
दृष्ट्वा तु ( पांडवानीकं = ) पांडवानाम् अनीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनः तदा ।
आचार्यम् उपसंगम्य राजा वचनम् अब्रवीत् ।
The prose-order: तदा राजा दुर्योधनः पांडवानां अनीकं तु व्यूढं दृष्ट्वा आचार्य उपसxगम्य वचनम् अब्रवीत् ॥
पश्यैतां पांडुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम् ।
व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमत॥
Separated into independent words :
