activity, i. e. not depending upon any one for the same; cf. स्वतन्त्रः कर्ता P. I. 4. 54. स्वतन्त्रपदोपस्थितिपक्ष an alternative view regarding the explanation of the rule 'इको गुणवृद्धी' P. I. 1. 3 by taking an additional word गुणवृद्धी supplied in the sutra. For full ex- planation see Sabdakaustubha on P. I. 1. 3. स्वपदार्थ meaning of one's own, as possessed by a word. In many compounds especially in the Bahu- vrihi compounds the meaning expressed by the compound word is quite different from the one expressed by the constituent words; cf. स्वपदार्थे कर्मधारयः । अन्यपदार्थे बहुव्रीहिः । M. Bh. on P. II. 1. 69. स्वपाठ the original recital of the Veda; the Samhitapatha as opposed to the Padapatha which is looked upon more or less as artificial. स्वर (1) vowel, as contrasted with a consonant which never stands by itself independently. The word स्वर is defined generally as स्वयं राजन्ते ते स्वराः ( M. Bh. on pan. The word स्वर is always used in the sense of a vowel in the Pratisakhya works; Panini however has got the word अच् (short term or Pratyahara form- ed of अ in 'अइउण्' and च् at the end of एऔच् Mahesvara sutra 4 ) al- ways used for vowels, the term स्वर being relegated by him to denote accents which are also termed स्वर in the ancient Pratisakhyas and grammars. The number of vowels, although shown differently in dif- erent ancient works, is the same, viz. five simple vowels अ,इ,उ, ऋ, लृ, and four diphthongs ए, ऐ, ओ, and अौ. These nine, by the addition of the long varieties of the first four such as आ, ई, ऊ, and ऋ, are |
increased to thirteen and further to twenty two by adding the pluta forms, there being no long variety for लृ and short on for the diphthongs. All these twenty two varieties have further subdivisions, made on the crite- rion of each of them being further characterized by the properties उदात्त, अनुदIत्त and स्वरित and निरनुनासिक and सानुनासिक. (2) The word स्वर also means accent, a property possessed exclusively by vowels and not by consonants, as they are entirely dependent on vowels and can at the most be said to possess the same accent as the vowel with which they are uttered together. The accents are mentioned to be three; the acute ( उदात्त ), the grave अनुदात्त and the circumflex (स्वरित) defined respectively as उच्चैरुदात्तः, नीचैरनुदात्तः and समाहारः स्वरितः by Panini (P. I. 2.29, 30,31). The point whether समाहार means a combination or coming together one after another of the two, or a commixture or blending of the two is critically discussed in the Mahabhasya. (vide M. Bh. on P. I. 2.31). There are however two kinds of svarita mentioned by Panini and found actually in use : (a) the indepen- dent स्वरित as possessed by the word स्वर् (from which possibly the word स्वरित was formed) and a few other words as also many times by the resultant vowel out of two vowels ( उदात्त and अनुदात्त ) combined, and (b) the enclitic or secondary svarita by which name, one or more grave vowels occurring after the udatta, in a chain, are called; cf P. VIII. 2.4 VIII. 2.6 and VIII 4.66 and 67. The topic of accents is fully |
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स्वतन्त्रपदोपस्थितिपक्ष
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