(209) APPENDIX A. The following is a summary of the Pratyabhijna philosophy of Kashmir, as given by Pandit Lachhmidhar Kalla in his letures on the “ Birthplace " of Kalidas. According to the Pratyabhijna philosophy, there is only one existence, a self or 'Sadā Siva', which may be described as having two aspects, transcendent and immanent, or Siva and Sakti, which are one in their essence, and are but two aspects of the same reality. b They are eternally related together like word and its, meaning. Sakti works in à variety of modes and has every hold on Siva. Indeed Sakti is Siva himself. With his Sakti thus Siva manifests himself as the universe and he does this out of his free-will, without use of any other material: Universe is expansion cut of the perfect freedom of God. The process of manifestation is technically known as the Abhās or reflection of Sakti on Siva as distinguished from the Vivarta' doctrine of the vedantins. . According to the Vivarta doctrine, the appearances are not real as they are non- existent in the supreme reality; while according to the 'Abhās doctrine, the appearances are real in the sense that they are aspects of ultimate reality or परमशिव in whom they exist in the highly synthesized form as the experienced. The Abhās and the the Vivarta doctrines both try to explain the pheno- menon of diversity in unity but to the 'Vivarta’ this apparent division is of no consequence while to the · Abhās' it is apparently a source of strengthening to the whole
