[ xi ]
Adverbs are mostly f Indeclinable' in Samskrit. These indeclinables include also some words, however, which are not adverbs; thus conjunctions and interjections are included here. Examples च, अति, अतीव अय. अभितः, अवश्यम्, अहो बत, अहो, इति, इव, इह उत, एव, एवम्, कञ्चित् कथम्, किन्तु, कृते, चेत्, तदा, तु, न, &c., &c., are of frequent occurrence.
(c) Gender. The marks of gender are very perplexed in Samskrit : 'They belong to the noun only, as in most languages ; and not the verb, as in Hindi, Arabic or French. As a general rule, governing frequent cases, when the male base ends in a short अ, the corresponding female base ends in the long आ ; and the neuter in अं .
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अपरः Singular of अपरान् ( xvi-14) |
. (d) Verbs. After nouns, verbs. The list of roots given by Panini numbers 2343; and each is capable of undergoing hundreds of inflectional or conjugational terminations, on account of moods and tenses, and causative, desiderative and repetitive forms of it, and all these again can be conjugated in the active or the passive form, and so on. But by the same pro cesses of selection and elimination that have governed the number of the letters, the Verb-roots in actual use in current Samskrit are not many more than 500 and of these a very limited number of forms is used.
The tenses and moods are taken together and all called vibhaktis or lakaras; and there are ten of such, viz., six tenses and four moods. The tenses are, 1 present ; 8 past; and 2 future: and the moods are Imperative, Potential Benedictive and
