62 OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF SANSKRIT (4) The use of pure classical Sanskrit, associated with all the characteristics of the Kavya style, is seen in the works of A&vaghosa and his successors. Such works are distinguished from other works of classical Sanskrit literature only by the use of Buddhist technical terms. Likewise the works of the logicians and philosophers follows the style of similar orthodox works in Sanskrit, with the addition of the terminology peculiar to the Buddhists. The Jains resisted longest the use of Sanskrit, and only began to take to it in the second half of the first millennium a. d. During this period Prakrit only gradually gives way to Sanskrit, but in the end Sanskrit establishes itself here as elsewhere . The Sanskrit of the Jains is influenced by the language of the earlier Prakrit literature in the same way as the Sanskrit of the Buddhists. In vocabulary it draws more extensively than con- temporary classical Sanskrit on vernacular sources, and words familiar later in Modem Indo-Aryan are often first recorded here. § 8 . Sanskrit in Greater India The expansion of Indo-Aryan was halted in South India by the native Dravidian languages (Tamil, Telugu, Kanarese) which in course of time established themselves as literary lan- guages. Nevertheless the influence of Indo-Aryan in this region was at all times powerful, and it is evident in the vocabulary of these languages from the earliest records. They were earliest influenced by Prakrit, which was the administrative language of the Satavahanas and their immediate successors. Inscrip- tions extending as far south as KancI show that all the Telugu- Kanarese area was governed by Aryan dynasties whose mother tongue was Prakrit. The intruding Indo- Aryans were not numerous enough to impose Indo-Aryan as the spoken language of the area and after about a.d. 400 the Prakrit inscriptions cease. Sanskrit replaced Prakrit, as elsewhere, for purposes of administration and culture, and as a spoken language it was replaced by the native Dravidian. At the same time the native Dravidian began to be cultivated, Kanarese from c . a.d. 450 and Telugu from c . a.d, 650. The Prakrit influence in these languages, dating from the earlier period, is rapidly overlaid by extensive borrowings from the Sanskrit vocabulary. In their early classical form these languages draw on Sanskrit wholesale, and the process was continued in the succeeding periods. At
