APPENDIX TO THE THIRD EDITION Supplementary Notes and Bibliographical References CHAPTER I § i . For a detailed discussion of the term arya- and its cognates see H. W, Bailey, Iranian arya and daha , Transactions of the Philological Society, 1959, pp- 71-115. For arya- as applied to the language of the Indo-Aryans, cf. Saiikhayana Aranyaka 8, 9: yatraryd vdg vadati, and Aitareya Aranyaka 3, 2, 5: yatra kva ca arya vaco bhasante. For similar usage in Buddhist Sanskrit, see Bailey, op. cit. p. 102. The term Samskrta is late in appearing, and it is not used by Panini or Patanjali. The earliest recorded occurrence is in Ramayana, 3, 10, 54, after which it becomes quite common (Nafyasastra, Su£ruta, Kavyadarsa, etc). § 3. The mutual relations of the Indo-European languages, as well as the question of their original home, have continued to be the subject of active discussions. Among recent works dealing with these problems the following list is a selection: W. Porzig, Die Giiederung des indogermanischen Sprachgebietes , Heidelberg, 1954; P- Thieme, Die Heimat der indogermanischen Gemeinsprache, Mainz, 1953; H. Krahe, Sprache nnd Vorzeit , Heidelberg, 1954; H. Hencken, Indo-European languages and archaeology (American Anthropological Association, Memoir 84) 1955; P. Bosch-Gimpera. Les Indoeiiropeens: problemes archeologiques , Paris, 1961; G. Devoto, Origine indoeuropee , Firenze, 1961; M. Gimbutas, The Indo-europeans ; archaeo- logical problems (in American Anthropologist, 65, pp. 815 ff.), 1963; V. Georgiev, Introduzione alia storia delle lingue indo- europee, Rome, 1966; G. Cardona, H. M. Hoenigswald and A, Senn (ed.), Indo-European and Indo-Europeans, Philadelphia, 1970; R. A. Crossland, Invaders from the North (in Cambridge 390
