SANSKRIT AND INDO-EUROPEAN 21 with it according to the laws of IE phonology. Another word is peculiar to the Western IE languages (Lat. haedus, Engl, goat , etc.). The distribution of these words corresponds roughly to the dialectal division sketched above, and illustrates the impor- tance of vocabulary in the study of this question. The deriva- tive ajina- ' skin ' corresponds to O. Sh azmu , jaztno, and in both languages an original meaning ‘ goat’s skin ' has been widened to the meaning 1 skin ’ in general. There is also a class of words in which the root is common to many IE languages, but the particular suffix found in Indo-Iranian is found else- where only in 'Slavonic and Baltic. Examples of these are : Skt. phina - ‘ foam O. Pr. spoayno , Lith. spdine, as opposed to the Western IE words with w-suffix (Lat. spurna, Engl, foam), Skt. dak§ina - ‘ right (-hand) 1 corresponds exactly to 0. SI. desinu, Lith. desine , whereas various different suffixes appear in other languages (Gk. Lat. dexter , Goth. taihswa). Similarly Skt. grivd ‘ neck ' and O. SI. griva ‘ mane ' correspond exactly in formation, but can be compared only as far as the root is concerned with Gk. hiprj ‘ neck’ {J g w er). The n- suffix of Skt. majjdn- reappears only in Slavonic (O. SI. mozdanu) and Baltic (O. Pruss. muzgeno). A form corresponding precisely to Skt. misrd- ‘ mixed ' appears only in Lith. mtsras . Another feature which deserves consideration is the existence of special meanings common to the two groups. The meaning ‘ wake ’ is common to Skt. budh- and the related Balto-Slavonic words, but is not found in other languages. The meaning ' write ’ of Iranian (ni-)pi$- recurs in O. SI. pisati . Of the remaining words which are peculiar to Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavonic the following are the most important: Av. spdnta - ‘ holy O. SI. svqtu, Lith. fventas ; Skt. savyd- ' left Av. haoya- } O. SI. sup ; Skt. barhts ‘ bed of Kusa grass Av. bar9zis ‘ cushion, pillow O. SI. blazina ' cushion ’ ; Skt. krsnd- ‘black’, 0. SI. crunu, O. Pruss. kirsnan ; Skt. bhdra- 1 fight, battle cf, O. SI. borjo * fight ’ ; Skt. ostha- ' lip O. SI. usta, O. Pruss. austin 1 mouth J ; Skt. avatd- ‘ spring, well Lett, aviiots ; Av. var?sa - ‘ hair V O. SI. vlasu, Russ. volos; Skt. gin- ‘mountain’, Av. gatri-, 0. SI. gora ‘id’, Lith. girici; gire 1 forest ’ ; Skt. tusnim ‘ silently Av. tusni- ‘ silent O. Pruss. tusnan ; Skt. tucchyd- 1 empty Khotanese ttussaa-, O. SI. lusti, Lith. iiiscias ‘ id ’ ; Skt. dddhi (gen. dadhnas ) ‘ curds O. Pruss. dadan ; Skt. pdyas ‘ milk Av.
