T96 THE FORMATION OF NOUNS in this root (Gk. luiyas) and the h ( <gh) of Sanskrit is due to a combination and the h which originally belonged to the suffix. The original genitive was therefore meg-H-Ss with terminational accent and weakening of the suffix of the adjective (cf. uksnds , etc.). This is the only place outside the thematic and other ? derivatives to be mentioned below, where the a, i.e. an of the suffix appears in its weak form. Elsewhere the strong form is generalised in both action nouns and adjectives, between which no formal differences exist. In the neuter sg. of this adjective a stem mdhi with an extra suffix -misused (meg-H-i, cf. Hi tt.mekki-). The thematic vowel and other vocalic suffixes could be added to the suffix -an (d) and the latter, being unaccented was weakened to h. This h remains in Sanskrit in the form of the aspiration of a preceding occlusive. Thus caturtha- ‘ fourth 7 ^ may be explained as *caturtd ( <°an) 4 fourness, group of four ' + adjectival -a, i.e. 'one connected with four, fourness', Similarly ratha- 4 chariot ’ is formed by the addition of the thematic suffix to *rotati> Lat. rota ‘ wheel Originally an adjective ' wheeled 1 it has had the accent thrown back on to the root, in common with many other nominalised adjectives [vfka- * wolf etc.). The compound suffix iha out of -t-w-a is not uncommon : driha - nt. ‘ object, aim varutha - nt. 4 protec- tion ' ; yajdtha- 4 worshipping vaksdtha- m. 4 growth sapdtha - m. 'curse', sacatha- m. 'companionship', sravdtha- m. ' flowing ucatha- nt. ' utterance viddtha - nt. ' worship ' ; with final accent, gdthd- m. ' song bhrthd- ‘ offering ' ; (neut.) ukthd - ' utterance tirihd- ' ford ’, yuthd- 4 herd rikthd- 4 inheri- tance Most of these forms seem to belong to the class of themat- ically extended action nouns formed in exactly the same way as ndksatra pdtatra -, vddhatra-, etc., above. Those finally accented are presumably adjectival in origin, e.g. rikthd - ' that which is left The th in the suffixes - tki (dtitki- 4 guest etc.) and -thu (vepdthu- ' quivering etc.) is in the same way a combination of the suffixes t and h ; cf. -tri, - tru . Other examples of aspirates concerning this suffix are : sdkhi - ' friend ' from sac - ' to associate (simple aK>d suffix in sacd ' with } ) ; makha- ' happy, exulting ’ from a *makan to be compared with Gk. pVap (old neuter adapted as adjective) with variant r-suffix ; nakhd- c nail where ultimately both k and h are suffixal since other languages have a variant g (Lat. unguis , etc.), satykha- 4 shell Gk. Koyxos (adjectival accent.
