PHONOLOGY 93 corded tradition this was changed into ks and thus confounded with original ks. The change is seen in the loc. pi. viksu (later supplanted by an analogical vitsu) as opposed to the nom, vit(s) . Since the simplification of final consonant groups pre- ceded this change, the cerebral, that is to say half the original combination, is preserved in the nom. sg. It is necessary also to go beyond this ts since even from the point of view of Sanskrit this will not explain castd , etc. (*catte would have resulted). In this connection the sandhi of two sibilants should be compared. There are instances of $ + $ be- coming ts : vatsyami , dvdtsit from vas- ' to dwell and of s + s becoming ks : dvgksi ‘ you hate ' from dvis Here again forms of the nom. sg. — dvit viprut - — show that there was an inter- mediate stage ts (which is obviously what would be expected in the case of this combination). In both cases ts (~>ks) may be derived from 55 (Aryan ss). The treatment of the palatals before s is on the lines of their treatment before dental occlusives. Just as palatal s + dental i produce the cerebral group st, so palatal £ + dental 5 produced ss which then, in precisely the same way as the original sibilant combinations, became ts and finally ks. In Iranian the development was somewhat different. Here / + / out of Aryan s + s result in single i. This is in accordance with another rule for the sandhi of sibilants by which one can stand for two when they come together : cf. Skt. dsi for as + si. When palatal c is preceded by 5 the latter is changed to the palatal sibilant £ : e.g. sascati 3 pi. reduplicated present of sac - ‘ to associate with When s is followed by s the two lose their identity and are merged as cch : ducchund ‘ misfortune 1 from dus + sund- 1 prosperity Since the same sandhi results when £ is preceded by a dental ( pacchas from pad - ' foot ' 4 - suffix -sas) we may see here the same tendency to occlusion as in the other sibilant combinations noted above. In tuccha - ' empty * (for
- tu£ya- t cf. Khot. tus£a-<*tusya-) and kacchapa - ‘ tortoise '
(cf. the proper name Kasyapa ~) we have the same development of a group -££- which has resulted from an early ' prakritic ' assimilation. From the standpoint of Indo-European Skt. ch (cch) results from an original combination sk ( skh ) ; and in these cases Iranian has s : chid- ‘ to cut Av. said-, Gk. vxi^lo, Lat. scindo ; chayd * shade Pers. sdyah, Gk. ukU ; gdcchati * goes Av.
