CHAPTER II-ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS. ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS. The First Subject of Treatment. Hereafter we shall expound the first subject of treatment, which is named Parıkarman Multiplication. The rule of work in relation to the operation of multiplication, which is the first (among the par kurman operations), 18 as follows- 1. After placing (the multiplicand and the multiplier one below the other) in the manner of the hinges of a door, the multiplicand should be multiplied by the multiplier, in accord- ance with (either of) the two methods of normal (or) reverse working, by adopting the process of ti) dividing the multiplicand and multiplying the multiplier by a factor of the multiplicand, (ii) of dividing the multiplier and multiplying the multiplicand 1. Symbolically expressed, this rule works out thus. In multiplyng ab by cd, the product 18 (1) 2x1 CHAPTER II. 2x9 | || | || cd , or (ui) ab x cd. Obviously the object of the first two devices here is to facilitate working through the choice of suitable factors C The anuloma or normal method of working is the one that is generally followed. The vilima or the reverse method of working is as follows:-- To multiply 1998 by 27 1998 27 2x9 2xS 7x1 7x9 7x9 7x8= 00 ल 9 37 33 a 5 39 46 x (ax cd); 01 (1) (ab × c) x
