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INTRODUCTION.

century. This is also proved by two other circumstances. Firstly the narrative of the Vikramânkacharita ends with a war against the Cholas[] and knows nothing of the great expedition into Central India beyond the Narmada which Vikrama undertook in 1088.[] Secondly we learn from a remarkable passage of the Rajatarangini, which confirms and amplifies Billana's statements regarding himself, that the poet lived to see Harsha, Kalas'a's son on the throne. This passage Raj. VII. 936-938, which on account of a misprint रिल्हणी for बिल्हणी in the Calcutta edition and of Mr. Troyer's utterly mistaken rendering, has not attracted attention, runs as follows:

काश्मीरेभ्यो विनिर्यान्तं राज्ये कलशभूपतेः ।
विद्यापति यं कर्णाटश्चक्रे पर्माडिभूपतिः ॥ ९३६ ॥
प्रसर्पतः करटिभिः कर्णाटकटकान्तरे ।
राज्ञोग्रे ददृशे तुङ्गं यस्यैवातपवारणम् ॥ ९३७ ॥
त्यागिनं हर्षदेवं स श्रुत्वा सुकविवान्धवम् ।
बिल्हणों वञ्चनां मेने विभूति तावतीमपि ॥ १३८ ॥[]
 936. " When Bilhana, who left Kashmir in the reign of Kalas'a, whom Parmádi, lord of Karnata, made his chief Pandit,[]


 937. Whose parasol, when he travelled on elephants through Karnata-land, was seen borne aloft before the king,-
 938. Heard that liberal Harshadeva behaved like a brother to true poets, he thought even so great a splendour a deception."
 My emendation of this passage will, I trust, receive general

  1. XVII. 43 seqq.
  2. Jour. R. A. Soc. IV. p. 15. Another inscription referring to this raid has been discovered by General Cunningham. Regarding the expedition of 1081 against the Pàlas or rather Pallavas see below.
  3. सुगाव; रिल्हणो, Calcutta edition.
  4. Mr. Troyer has changed the Vidyapati or chief Pandit to a statue of Brihaspati, which Farmâdi presented to the Kashmirians! ince