194
VADAVALi
elephant in a dream, we 'never say 11 I am the elephant." We cognise the "I" as different from the elephant. The Dvaitin states that dream-objects are real and not illusory. So in dream·objects there is the non-existence of the probandum and there is also the non-existence of the probans. Thus there is no inconstancy of the probans in respect of dream-objects. The material cause of dream objects is the impressions (vasana). The impressions of all our past experiences are deposited in the manas and not in the Atman. The bundle of impressions stored in manas {;Onstitutes the material cause of dream-objects. The efficient cause of the dream-objects is God. The authority for this is the Vedanta sutra "God creats dream objects in dream states" (III. ii. 1). If it be contended that super-sensible cause alone can produce a super-sensible effect, the Dvaitin denies it. Eor example the two primal atoms constitute a binary atom, and three binary atoms go to make up a triad. Anything less than the triad is not seen. The binary and primal atoms though super-sensible still produce the cognisable triad. In the same way dream-objects too can be cognised though they are produced by a super-sensible material cause. Thus the reality of dream-objects is established. The Advaitin criticises the probans of the Dvaitin's inference i.e., 11 not having a substrate". This is pointed out to be nonestablished. The Atman is the substrate of the world-illusion. As against this contention, the Dvaitin points out that the Atman cannot be treated as the substrate. In any illusion the substrate is cognised as non-different from the super-imposed object. If it is cognised as different, there is no possibility for delusion at all. In the shell-silver delusion, if the individual cognised the shell as distinct from silver, there would be no delusion at all. As the Atman is cognised as different from the world it cannot be its substrate. Besides, the universe and the Atman hwve 'contrary qualities. In a delusion there must be certain similar ]ualities between the super-imposed ,object and the substrate; we never mistake the shell to be a tiger. r Between two contrary objects.
