162
VADAVALl
to reality and unrealiti- The real cannot be sublated, and the unreal cannot be cogrl.ised. (See TattvapradiPika, p. 76). The universe is sublated as well as cognised. Sublatability and cognisability cannot be accounted for except by the presumption that the universe is neither real nor/unreal. This Pramal)a according to Madhva is subsumed under inference. The presumption in this case can be expressed in the form of an inference: "what is under dispute is indeterminable, because it is sublatable as well as cognisable." The Dvaitin with a view to point out the inconstancy of the pervasion in the presumptive argument proposes first to examine the term " sat " in the counter-argument urged with a view to establish the presumptive arguments. If_ it is interpreted as one that possesses reality, then the universe which possesses reality is sublatable, according to Advaita; and as such there is the contradiction of the following pervasion of the Advaitin " that which is real is not sublatable ". It may be contended that there is no sublation of the universe in empirical state. The Dvaitin replies that in vyavahara stage inference does establish the sublatable nature of the universe. There are certain errors like the perceptions of the blue colour in the AltaS'a which are not at all sublated. There would be non-difference with them for reality. If it is interpreted as that which is unsublatable there would result the defect of the non-difference of the subject from the probandum. It cannot be the third for the reason that the Dvaitins accept that Brahman is unsublatable. Hence the defect of the establishment of the established. The Dvaitin analysis the statement that " the unreal is not cognised ". What is it, that is not cognised ? Is it the cognition of the unreal as unreal ? If that is so, then there would be no empirical usage in respect of the unreal. If the eogriition of the unreal as real be denied, there would be no empirica.l usage in respect of delusion, beca.1le the very definition of delusion is the apprehension of the unreal as trea.l. If it be contended that what
