160
VADAVALi
are all defect-ridden for •the Advaitin. The Dvaitin concludes that the Advaitin's position that the universe is different from the real and the unreal is contradictory. VI (26-+2). The siddhantin refutes the inference urged to establish indeterminability. The commentator states the inference in full : " what is under dispute is different from the real and the unreal, because it is sublatable, like Brahman as a negative instance". Some logicians are of opinion that the non-established qualification is no defect at all, and others are of opinion that it is a defect. The school that holds the opinion that it is a defect argues that a non-established qualificatioR obstructs our cognition of pervasion. Thus it taints the inference. As against this, certain neo-logicians point out that the definition of the subject (pak~a) should not include the term "doubt". In negative pervasion where the probandum is a negation there is no need for the estab· lishment of the qualification; so it is urged that the non-established qualification is no defect at all. The defect is alleged from the opponent's point of view. S' ri Madhva is of opinion that "as1rayasiddhi ", "vyadhikarat;iisiddhi," .etc., are not defects. They are cases of the defects of the positive instances. In this inference of the Advaitin there is not the defect of non-established qualification. The subject in the inference is reality and unreality. If any one of them by itself is taken as the subject there is the non-fulfilment of the object for which the inference is used. The purpose of the inference is to establish that the universe is different from the real and the unreal. Such a position cannot be established with reality or unreality alone as the subject. Further there will be the defect of the establishment of the established if only one term (the real or the unreal) is treated as the subject. So the subject comprises two terms reality, and unreality. The probandum is "being the counter-correlate of a~olute nonexistence located in a sin£'1e entity." The statement of the probandum in this manner helps ,the Advaitin to get over the deiect
