[ xv ]
Each verbroot is capable of being modified into a causative form, a desiderative form and a frequentative form; and each of these forms is capable of independent conjugation in all moods and tenses.
Causative ; The causative verb is formed by the addition of इ, which becomes when the termination is added, य घातयति (ii. 21 ) he causes to kill, from हन् to kill ; नियोजयसि (iii. 1) thou causest (me) to engage, from युज् to join ; कार्यते (iii. 5) he is caused to do, from कृ to do ; विचाल येत् (i. 29 ) he may cause to be unsettled, from चल् to move; अवसादयेत् let { him ) cause to sink down, from अवसद् to be cast down.
Desiderative ; The desiderative verb expresses the wish of the agent ; स is added, and the first letter is reduplicated युयुत्सवः ( i. i) wishing to fight, from युध to fight; जिजी विषामः (i. 6) ( we ) wish to live, from जीव् to live; चिकीर्द्धः (iii. 25 ) desiring to do, from कृ to do ; आरुरुक्षोः ( of the ) wishing to ascend, from अरुह to mount.
( e ) Derivative words. Derivative words of various kinds , e, g. Some indicating moods not covered by the regular conjugatious, are formed by means of affixes.
( इच्छ ) आप्तुं =( wish ) to obtain (xii, 9 )
(अशक्तोसि) कर्तुं =(art powerless ) to do ( xii. 11).
त्यक्त्वा = having abandoned (v. 10 ).
भूत्वा =having been (ii. 20).
Various participles, past, present and future, and some shades of tenses, which in Samskrit behave like adjectives and so like nouns are also thus derived. They are declined exactly like the nouns with which they may be in apposition :
