[ V ]
उ ऊ
त्र्क्ष् त्र्क्षृ
लृ लृ
Cosonants
क ख ग घ ङ.
च छ ज झ ञ. Classified in various ways with
ट ठ ड ढ ण reference to स्थान and प्रयत्न, the
त थ द ध न. 'place' in the vocal apparatus
प फ यब भ म and the special kind of ’effot’
य र ल व, required to pronounce it.
श ष स ह.
There are only a few verses now current, as to the psychophysics of sound and language, in Panini's Shiksha, and these are not very intelligible in the absence of full explanations They may be summarised thus: The Self cognising facts by means of the Buddhi ( Reason ) inspires the Manas ( intelligence ) with the desire to speak; the Manas strikes the kayagni—the fire of the body ; and it in turn sets in motion the maruta, the wind or breath that moving in the chest generates the Mandra sound ; that, again, rising to the palate ( or the crown of the head ) and rebounding thence passes to the mouth and produces articulate sounds, classified according to tone, time, place, effort, &c., &c.
II. Sandhi or Coalenscence of sounds or letters -In connection with these letter sounds, arises the first difficulty of Samskrit Grammar, Sandhi, the coalescence of sounds. When one word is followed by another, in quick succession of pronunciation, the natural tendency is for the tail of the first and the head of the second to get mixed up: 'This mixture sometimes takes a shape which, while no doubt always retaining traces of the compo-
