Chapter IV 113 etc. (10) Here perhaps धर्माः should mean जीवs (or आत्मान: as the K. bhāşya says ). The जीवs imagine ( इच्छन्त इवेचेछन्तो रज्ज्वामिव सर्पमात्मनि कल्पयन्त: K. bhāşya ) that they are subject to old age and death, and experience accordingly (cf. यं यं वापि स्मरन्भावं त्यजन्त्यन्ते कलेवरम् । तं तमेवैति कौन्तेय सदा तद्भावभावितः !! Gita VIII.6). (11) Gaudapāda now shows how the कार्यकारणभाव admitted by the सांख्यs and वैशेषिकs cannot be valid. According to the सांख्या who are सत्कार्यवादिन, प्रकृति (or प्रधान ) is the मूलकारण and is also अज. The creation of the world means that प्रधान is transformed into महत्, Let us analyse this view of the सांख्यs, that प्रधान ( कारण ) itself becomes महत् (कार्य). In other words, महत् is originated (but महत् and प्रधान are one and the same ). We ought to say that प्रधान is originated (but प्रधान is also said to be अज). But how can an अज ( unoriginated and so immutable) thing undergo origination or change? If it undergoes a change, how can it be नित्य ? ( प्रधानं भिन्नं विदीर्णं स्फुटितमेकदेशेन सत्कथं नित्यं भवेदित्यर्थः । न हि सावययं घटादि, एकदेशस्फुटनधर्मि नित्यं दृष्टं लोक इत्यर्थः । विदीर्ण च स्यादेकदेशेनाज चेति, एतविपतिषिद्धं तैरभिधीयत इत्यभिप्रायः । ( K. bhāsya). (12) The सांख्य might say: "We believe that कारण and कार्य are one, कार्य is अनन्य from कारण. So if कारण is अज, then कार्य is also अज.' To this our answer would be “But this is also for विप्रतिषिद्ध, for your कार्य is जायमान and therefore अनित्य, कार्य is अनन्य from कारण as you say, so the अनित्य कार्य should mean an अनित्य कारण, then what becomes of your theory that the कारण ( मूलप्रकृति ) is अज? Your कार्य ( which is अनन्य from कारण ) cannot be अनित्य only in parts, like the curate's egg bad in parts! ' ( न हि कुक्कुट्या एकदेशः पच्यते एकदेशः प्रसवाय कल्प्यते । K, bhāşya ). The proposed emendation यदनन्यत्वम् for यद्यनन्यत्वम् makes the construction simpler and for that very reason, is not likely to be genuine. (13) If it is argued that an अज thing can produce a कार्य, we ask : is there any दृष्टांत to corroborate this statement? Our experi- ences in this world are concerned only with उत्पन्न things producing any कार्य. 15
