xxiv GANITASARASANGRAHA. problems there is a similarity in spirit, but we have not yet enough translations from the Chinese to trace any close resemblance. In each case the questions proposed are fadically different from those found commonly in the West, and we must conclude that the algebraic taste, the purpose, and the method were all distinct in the two great divisions of the world as then known. Rather than assert that the Oriental algebra was influenced by the Occidental, we should say that the reverse was the case. Bagdad, subjected to the influence of both the East and the West, transmitted more to Europe than it did to India. Leonardo Fibonacci, for example, "shows much more of the Oriental influence than Bhaskara, who was practically his contemporary, shows of the Occidental. Professor Raugācārya has, therefore, by his great contribution to the history of mathematics confirmed the view already taking rather concrete form, that India developed an algebra of her own; that this algebra was set forth by several writers all imbued with the same spirit, but all reasonably independent of one another; that India influenced Europe in the matter of algebra, more than it was influenced in return; that there was no native geometry really worthy of the name; that trigonometry was practically non-existent save as imported from the Greek astronomers; and that whatever of geometry was developed came probably from Mesopotamia rather than from Greece. His labours have revealed. to the world a writer almost unknown to European scholars, and a work that is in many respects the most scholarly of any to be found in Indian mathemetical literature. They have given us further evidence of the fact that Oriental mathematics lacks the cold logic, the consecutive arrangement, an 1 the abstract character of Greek mathematics, but that it possesses a richness of imagin- ation, an interest in problem-setting, and poetry, all of which are lacking in the treatises of the West, although abounding in the works of China and Japan. If, now, his labours shall lead others to bring to light and set forth more and more of the classics of the East, and in particular those of early and medieval China, the world will be to a still larger extent his debtor.
