THE FORMATION OF NOUNS 130 4 causing abundance cf. bhuvar, bhund . Another example is stmanta - 4 parting of the hair ' as opposed to stmdn - ‘ id and the lexica give a word aimanta- 4 fireplace ' which is related in the same way to dsman- 4 stone Compare also the pair sakuni- and sakunti - 4 bord The /-extension appears regularly in the participles in -ant which will be discussed later.
§5. Compound Neuter Suffixes in rjn By adding the simple suffixes r and n to stems in u t m, s and / the suffixes -warjn, marjn f etc., which were so productive in Hittite in the formation of neuter nouns, were produced. In addition they could , be added to f-stems, and this ancient neuter type is preserved in the Latin passive infinitives, iitier, scribier, etc. Outside Hittite the compound neuter r-stems have become comparatively rare , the corresponding n-stems are better represented, and have tended to replace the r-formations in the nom. acc. sg. A neuter suffix - wer , -war is found outside Hittite in such examples as Gk. efSa p 4 food ' (*eSFap), SeXeap 4 bait Lat. cadaver r corpse Toch. B malkwer 4 milk 4 and the like. They are not uncommon in Avestan : sndvar- 4 sinew’, danvar - 4 bow karsvar- 4 region of the earth dasvar - 4 health sdx v ar - 4 design, plan vazdvar- 4 firmness The Iranian evidence shows that they had survived in reasonable abundance to the Indo-Iranian period, but in Indo-Aryan they had already become extinct by the earliest period. This was be- cause the tt-stem was generalised in all cases : nom. acc. sg. s?iava 4 sinew etc. Only the adverb sasvdr 4 secretly, stealth- ily ’ preserves the suffix in this form, with the usual adverbial ( = locatival) shift of accent. It implies a neuter noun *sdsvar which we may compare with Hitt, sesnvar 4 sleep ’ (ssszi 4 sleeps Skt. sdsti), the original meaning being 4 while people sleep In its weak form the suffix is preserved in the adverb muhnr ‘ suddenly, in a moment ’ (whence muhurtd- 4 moment ' ; also muku with simple u-suffix, for *mrhu cf. Av. nurdzu- g ‘short (of life)', Gk. Neuter nouns in -van are 1 dhanvan 4 bow *, 2 dhdnvan ' desert snavan- 4 sinew o )*■*$**& par van- ‘ joint ' (cf. Av. paourvainya - 4 linked sfkvan- 4 corner of the mouth and some sporadic occurrences in the Rgveda, pdtvan - 4 flight sanitvan- 4 acquisition ' and vivdsvan - 4 illumination In addition a small number ofdative infimtryes^
