THE VERB 360 few cases : mimdmsate 1 investigates ' (man- 1 to think The accent rests always on the reduplication. The root appears normally in its weak form, but a final i and w are lengthened ; jigisati ‘ desires to conquer ' (ji-), juhusati ' desires to sacrifice ' (hu-), Final r of a root becomes ir or ur before the desiderative -sa : ciklrsati ' desires to do Utirsati ‘ desires to cross mumursati ' is about to die This is phon- etically justifiable only in the case of roots in -f, he. those originally having final h (tf~, tar{n)~ : Utirsati) and from these it is extended to the rest. A number of roots form an abbreviated stem in the desidera- tive in which the reduplication and the root are contracted into one syllable. An example is dipsati from dabh- 4 to injure Corresponding to this Av. has diwzaidyai (inf.), and from a comparison of the two an Indo-Iranian stem dibzha - emerges. This represents a simplification of the original consonant group which occurred when the vowel of the root was elided in its weak form, i.e, di-dbh-sa a regularly formed desiderative. In the same way siksa- and siksa- appear from sak- and sah-, later dkiksa ripsa lipsa etc. (dah- f rabh-, labh-) ; to these are added Ipsa - and irtsa- from roots beginning with- a vowel (dp- ' to obtain rdh- r to prosper r ). The roots dd and dhd make respectively ditsa- and dhitsa - in which the a of the root has regularly disappeared in the weak form (di-d-sa- t di-dh-sa -). The roots van - 4 to win ' and san- ‘ to gain * make the desider- ative stems vivdsa- and sisdsa- with d out of -kh- as in other derivatives. Roots in d t apart from those mentioned above, generally keep the strong form in the desiderative : yiydsa-, pipdsa- f from yd- 4 to go pd « r to drink This, like the other forms with strong root below, is a Sanskrit innovation, as is clear from the pre- servation of ancient stems like ditsa - and the existence of Vedic pi-p-i-sa- beside pipasa . Anomalous strong forms appear from certain roots terminating in a nasal : jighdmsa -, jigdmsa- (be- side jigamisa-) from han gam-. When the desiderative suffix appears as isa with the union vowel a final i, u, 1 of a root necessarily and a medial i, u, r optionally appear in the guna grade : sisayisa-, ninartisa etc., but also rurudisa-. These and similar forms are laid down by the grammarians, but they , do not occur in the earlier language. Like other verbal formations the desiderative sa may be aug-
