is simply a consonant, but in this complicated hi-tech age the profundity of simple things is often overlooked: the ability to form a range of consonants is what separates man from animal. A dog may be able to howl a perfect prolonged U3 , but can it embellish that to say 'Who could fool you?'. Without adorning the vowel sounds with consonants there would be no language: without language there would be no mathematics or science, no history or philosophy, no culture or civilisation — all this rich diversity is founded on the simplicity of vowels and consonants. Indeed, many scriptures speak of the creative power of speech, and that creation itself is spoken into existence. 14.2 Dhatu Entry Information Turn again to the dhatu budh at the bottom of the first column of page 733. That the dhatu is printed in large devanagarT means that it is a major dhatu; this is followed by the numeral '1', which indicates that there is another entry budh, which may or may not be another dhatu (in fact it is a visesana listed in the first column on the next page). Next, 'cl.i. P.A.' indicates that the dhatu conjugates according to class-1 rules in both parasmai-pada and atmane-pada; this is followed by the Dhatu-Patha reference '(Dhatup.xxi,ll)'. The following two words, which are printed in light italic, 'bodhati, °te show the lat (present indicative) prathama purusa eka-vacana forms, i.e. bodhati and bodhate for parasmai-pada and atmane-pada respectively. Next there is 'cl.4. A.' which means that it may also be found as a class 4 atmane- pada verb; '(xxvi,63)' is a Dhatu-Patha reference; next 'budhyate' shows the lat conjugation as a class-4 verb. The 'ep. also P. °tV means that in the epics it may also be found conjugated in (class-4) parasmai-pada, where the form will be buddhyati. (Observe, just as a matter of interest, that the dhatu vowel remains unchanged when conjugated as a class-4 verb, but in the class-1 conjugation the vowel has the guna form; some other classes use the vrddhi form.) The next eight lines show conjugations of this dhatu for other lakara (tenses and moods) etc., before starting the English translations 'to wake' etc. (Again, simply note that some of the forms have the first syllable 're-duplicated' (e.g. bubodha) or prefixed with 'a' (e.g. abudhram).) Within the English translation section, passive forms of the verb are given, as also derivative verb forms. The last four lines show associated verbs in several other Indo-European languages.
