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CHAPTER VII--MEASUREMENT OF AREAS.

The rule for arriving at the minutely accurate values relating to a figure resembling (the longitudinal section of) the yava grain, and also to a figure having the outline of a bow :-

70.[1] It should be known that the measure of the string (chord) multiplied by one-fourth of the measure of the arrow, and then multiplied by the square root of 10, gives rise to the (accurate) value of the area in the case of a figure having the outline of a bow as also in the case of a figure resembling the (longitudinal) section of a yava grain.

Examples in illustration thereof.

71. In the case of a figure resembling (the longitudinal section of the yava grain, the (maximum) length is 12 daṇdas. the two ends are needle points, and the breadth in the middle is 4 daṇdas. What is the area ?

72. In the case of a figure having the outline of a bow, the string is 24 in measure; and its arrow is taken to be 4 in measure. What may be the minutely accurate value of the area ?

The rule for arriving at the measure of the (bent) stick of the bow as well as of the arrow in the case of a figure having the outline of a bow :-

73.[2] The square of the arrow measure is multiplied by 6. To this is added the square of the string measure. The square


70.^  The figure resembling a bow is obviously the segment of a circle. The area of the segment as given here . This formula is not accurate. It seems to be based on the analogy of the rule for obtaining the area of a semi-circle, which area is evidently equal to the product of , the diameter and one-fourth of the radius, i.e.,

The figure resembling the longitudinal section of a good grain may be easily seen to be made up of two similar and equal segments of a circle applied to each other so as to have a common chord. It is evident that in this case the value of the arrow-line becomes doubled. Thus the same formula is made to hold good here also

73 & 74.^  Algebraically,