पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/९२

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PHONOLOGY 85 ' wheel Lat. rota ' id ' ; vita- ' man, hero Lith. vtfras, Lat. vir, etc. On the other hand instances of l in place of IE r are comparer lively rare : lohita - ' red ' (also rohita Av. raoiSita cf. rudhird -) ; ' suitable, enough ’, v. aram, cf. Gk. apaploKio ; palayate ' flees 1 (£>ar# with i- ‘ to go '). The- number of such examples is too small to justify the assumption of an /-dialect to account for them. Such an /-dialect does in fact occur later in the Magadhan Prakrit, but it was limited to a small area, and this Prakrit cannot account for forms with / out of r which occur in the later Vedic literature. It is also to be noted that in some cases where a change />r has been assumed (e.g. lup - compared with Lat, rumpo) it is more likely that / is original. §13, Indo-European h Of late a new phonetic element has entered into accounts of Indo-European as a result of the discovery of Hittite. In this language there appears a sound h which was unaccounted for in the normally prevailing conception of IE phonetics. It is found in basic IE words and must therefore be attributed to Indo- European. Since it is absent in the corresponding words in all the other languages, they must be presumed to share a common change by which it has been lost, and to represent, in this respect, a more advanced state of Indo-European than that preserved in Hittite. Common examples of h are : Hitt, eshar ' blood ' : Skt. dsrk , Lat. user, Gk. Zap, Toch. A. ysdr ; hadtai *- bone ' : Skt. dsthi, Gk. 6vt4ov, Lat. os ; hunt- ' front ' : Skt., inti * (in front of), near', Gk. dvr 7, Lat. ante ; harki- 1 white ' : Toch. drki, Gk. apyos, Skt. drjuna -, etc, ; pahhur * fire ' : Gk. nvp ; pahs- * to protect ’ : cf. Skt. pd - ' id etc. ; ishai ishiya-

  • bind 1 ; Skt. sydti 4 binds ' ; newahh- ‘ renew ' : Lat. novdre ;

palhis ‘ broad ' : cf. Lat. planus, etc. For Indo-European the symbol h, used by H. Pedersen is the most convenient (IE

  • pelH- etc.).

In some instances H disappears without trace (dsrk ' blood ') but in others its effects survive. It is clear that the long vowel in Lat. novdre results from the combination of a short vowel + h, a combination which remains in Hittite, and the same can be assumed in the case of Lat. planus (plan-, varying in apophony from Hitt, palh -). Skt, sydti ' binds ■, from the Hittite evidence, stands for *snydti f of which sh- is the root in its weak form, and