APPENDIX TO THE THIRD EDITION 397 zenkova, Aorist v Rigvede , Moscow, i960, and the sigmatic aorist in particular, very fully and exhaustively, by J. Nartem Die sigmatischen Aoristen im Veda, Wiesbaden, 1964. Cl further on the reduplicated aorist, M. Leumann, Der altin - dische kausative Aorist ajijanat , Indological Studies in honour of W. Norman Brown , pp. 152-159, New Haven, 1962, and on the sa -aorist, S. Insler, The Sanskrit sa-Aorist, Munchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft , 26, pp. 43-50, 1969. § T 3 (P- 35°) ■ Concerning the imperatives in -si, it should be stated not only that they are not normally formed from roots having root presents, but also that in the majority of cases they are formed from roots which make an 5-aorist. From this it is clear that these forms are to be attached to the 5-aorist stem, and they may be most simply classified as s-aorist imperatives. This is the conclusion reached by G. Cardona in a recent study of this problem; The Vedic imperatives in -si f Language , 41, pp. 1-18, 1965. On the other hand O. Szemerdnyi (Language, 42, i-6 f 1966) prefers to regard them as syncopated forms of original subjunctives (darsasi>darsi). This appears to be less satisfactory, not only on account of the phonetic difficulties involved, but also because the primary and predominant use of these forms is as imperatives. The few cases, to which Cardona and Szemerenyi draw attention, in which they are used in sub- ordinate clauses, are probably to be accounted for as misuse by later poets of a form which had become obsolete. § 14 (p. 352). The termination -s of the third person singular active of the root aorist optative/precative is found also in Iranian, for which see my article The Sanskrit Precative in Asiatica (Festschrift Weller), pp. 35-42, 1954. § 15 I. On the passive see J. Gonda, Remarks on the Sanskrit passive, Leiden, 1951. § 17. The latest study of the Vedic infinitives is by P. Sgall, Die Infinitive im Rgveda, Orientalia Pragensia I, pp. 137-268, Prague, 1958. CHAPTER VIII § 1 (p- 374)* O n Sanskrit ghotaka- 'horse ' see now my observa- tions in International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics I, pp.
