THE VERB 363 future in - isya - should be noticed), tarusydti 4 strives to over- come etc. Rare examples of denominatives formed from stems in occlusive appear in bkisajydti 4 acts the physician ' and {from a stem not otherwise preserved) isudhydti ‘ implores ' (Av. iSuidya -) . It will be observed from the examples quoted above that the denominatives in yd are normally from the neuter consonantal stems. Denominatives from the masculine (agent-noun) stems are rare: e.g. vrsanydti 'acts like a male*. A few such for- mations are based on the nominative singulars : rajaydte 4 is kingly vrsdydte ‘ acts like a bull svdmiydti 4 treats as master Stems in i and t : janiydti 4 seeks a wife * ( jdni-) t tavistydte 4 is strong ' (tdvist). The form with long l is usually extended to stems in short i (kavtydti f acts like a wise man sakhiydti 4 de- sires friendship aratiydti 4 is inimical '), but such forms are shortened in the pada text. The suffix -iya- develops to some extent independently, with a desiderative sense, and is applied to other than f-stems : putriyati 4 desires, a son mdmsiydti 4 craves flesh etc. Stems in u and u ; Here also the long form of the suffix is applied to both types of stem, though short u is restored in the pada text : rjuydti 4 is straight vasuydti 4 desires wealth ', etc. In some cases there is no noun-stem and -uya- functions as an independent verbal suffix : asuyati 4 grumbles ankuydti 4 moves crookedly stability dti 4 stands firm Stems in d : prtandydti 4 fights ducchundydte 1 desires mis- chief ', mandydte 4 is well disposed Denominatives from a- stems are an ancient IE type, though more frequently elsewhere formed without the addition of ya : Hitt, newahhun 4 I re- newed Lat. novdre , Gk. vedv . This type is found in Sanskrit only when a is incorporated in the root {triti), otherwise the -ya- denominative is used. The suffix - dya - early became an independent suffix, and there are a number of roots which in- flect in this way without there being any corresponding d- nouns : mathdyati 4 stirs irathdydti 4 loosens musaydti 4 steals etc. These stems commonly alternate with stems of the ninth class : mathnati, irathniti , musnati , etc. As a result of the close association of the two types the denominative yd is sometimes appended to ninth class stems ; hrnayd hrniyd -
- be angry
