पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/३५८

विकिस्रोतः तः
एतत् पृष्ठम् अपरिष्कृतम् अस्ति

THE VERB 352 secondary. The perfect optatives should be regarded from the same point of view. Reduplication in early IE was a feature liable to turn up in many parts of the verbal system, and on the other hand though it came to be especially associated with the perfect it was not to begin with an essential feature of that system. Bearing this in mind it is clear that a reduplicated optative is not in its origin connected with the perfect system. We have an optative stem (gamyd-m) originally independent of the tense stems, and beside it a reduplicated optative stem (jagamyd-m) originally equally independent. With the incorpor- ation of the optative into the various tense stems these redup- licated optatives became formally attached to the perfect, but in meaning they never acquired any of the characteristics of the perfect. The dying out in the later language of all forms of the optative except those belonging to the present system, resulted naturally from the absence of any distinction of meaning be- tween the different forms. The forms of the Precative in the classical language are as follows ; Active, S, I bhuydsam , 2 bhuyds, 3 bhuydt , D. 1 bhiiydsva 2 bhuydstam, 3 bhuydstam, P. 1 bhuyasma , 2 bhuyasta , 3 bhu- yasur. Middle, S. I bhavislya, 2 bhavisisthds , 3 bhavisistd, D. 1 bhavi - stvdhi , 2 bhavisiydsthdm , 3 bhavislyastdm , P. 1 bhavisimdhi, 2 bhavistdhvdm, 3 bhavistrdn. The active forms are always made directly from the root by the addition of the optative suffix extended by s. The older form of the 3 sg. act. was bhuyds, which is preserved in the Vedic language. The middle forms are formed from the stem of the sigmatic aorist, and the precative s is absent in the first persons and in the 3 pi. The precative is the only modal form from a non-present stem retained by the classical language. The use of the precative is not common in the classical lan- guage and knowledge of its inflection is based on the statements of the grammarians. In the pre-classical language most of the active forms as given by the grammarians are attested with the exception that the older form of the 3 sg. is used. In the middle there is no distinction in the Veda between optative and preca- tive. The optative of the sigmatic aorist invariably inserts the precative s in the 2 and 3 sg. and this s is employed nowhere else in the conjugation. Such optative forms with precative 5 are