THE VERB 350 in Latin (as 2, 3 sg.) : iana ‘ let him know Skt. viit&t , Sotoj , ltcj, Zaru), etc. ; Lat. vehitd , Skt. vdhatat, poscitd, habeto, esto, etc., O. Lat. estod, etc., cf. Osc. Ukttud , estud . In the Veda there are certain 2 sg. forms in - si with impera- tive value : dhdksi ' burn ydksi ' worship pdrsi ' cross pr&si ' fill srosi ‘ hear J , etc. The termination is identical with that of the 2 sg. indie, pres., but these imperatives are quite clearly distinguished because the presents are differently formed (ddhasi, srnosi, etc.). One corresponding form is quoted from Avestan: doisl * show J from dues-. In the classical language the imperative forms are from the present stem. In the Vedic language imperatives may be made from all three stems, present, aorist and perfect, and, as in the case of the other moods, no difference of meaning appears be- tween them. Examples of aorist imperatives are : krdhi, srudht, gahi , gantu , yuksvd ; sada t sdna, sadatu ; vocatdt , vocatu ; of perfect imperatives, cikiddhi, mumugdhi , sasadhi, didestu , vavrtsva. It should be noted that imperatives are not normally made from the s- aorist. There are a few formations such as 2 sg. nesa , 3 sg. nesatu and 3 sg. mid. rdsatdm which are all thematic formations and therefore cannot properly be attached to the s-aorist. §14. Optative and Precative N on-thematic : Active, S. 1 duhyim. 2 dnhyis, 3 duhy&t, D. 1 duhydva , 2 duhyitam, 3 duhyatdm, P. 1 duhydma , 2 duhyata , 3 duhyur. Middle, S. 1 duhlyd , 2 duhtthas , 3 duhlta , D. 1 duhtvdhi , 2 duhtydtham, 3 duhiyatam, P. 1 duhimahi , 2 duhidhvam , 3 duhlrdn. Thematic : Active, S. I bhdveyam , 2 bhdves , 3 bhdvet, D. 1 bhdvema , 2 bhdvet am, 3 bhdvetdm, P. 1 bhdvema , 2 bhdveta, 3 bhdveyur. Middle, S. I bhdveya , 2 bhdvethds , 3 bhdveta , D. 1 bhdvevahi „ 2 bhdveydthdm , 3 bhdveydtdm , P. 1 bhavemahi , 2 bhdvedhvam , 3 bhdveran. The non-thematic inflection of the optative differs in apo- phony from the usual system. The* strong form of the suffix is not confined to the three singular persons of the active, but extended to all the active with the exception of the 3 pi. That
