पृष्ठम्:The Sanskrit Language (T.Burrow).djvu/३४३

विकिस्रोतः तः
एतत् पृष्ठम् अपरिष्कृतम् अस्ति

THE VERB 337 The reduplicated aorist stands out from the other forms of aorist because it is attached not to the simple verb but to the causative ; ajijanat is the aorist of jandyati , avwrdhat of vardhdyati and so forth. Such an aorist is therefore made from all roots which have causatives, in addition to their normal aorists. This arrangement is essentially a development of Indo- Aryan, though its roots go back to Indo-Iranian. The other IE languages have nothing which can strictly be compared. In form the stem of the reduplicated aorist is related to the re- duplicating present [bibharti), and more closely to the thematic variety of the shme (Usthati ; Gk. ylyvo^iai ; Lat. gignit, sistit) but it has developed features of its own, namely the length of the reduplication and the guna of the root in certain forms ( ajijanat ), The transitive sense which is observable in some of the related stems with this type of reduplication (Lat. gignit , etc.) has been generalised and eventually developed into a full causative. Related Iranian forms provide some interesting information about the history of this formation, because it has also present stems formed in the same way : zizanmti 3 pi., etc. (also non- thematic zizdnti 3 sg"., cf. the Skt. type ajigar). From this it is possible to conclude that originally this was a type of stem forming both present and preterite in the manner of the various formations of the present system. The aorist, it has been observed, came about by the specialisation of certain preterite formations, and this is a case in point. To begin with we may assume two pairs *jijanati : ajijanat and jandyati : djanayat having essentially the same sense. In the further development jandyati comes to be exclusively used in the present and ajijanat originally simple preterite ( — imperfect)" becomes when isolated integrated into the aorist system. There are a few roots in the classical language which take this aorist as part of their primary conjugation, e.g. asisriyat and adudruvat from sri- ‘ to resort ' and dru- ‘ to run There are further examples in the Veda (e.g. dcikradat from brand - ' to roar ') and also some non- thematic forms which are made exactly like imperfects of the reduplicating class : dsisret , ddudrot. Certain reduplicated stems which became attached to the a-aorist have already been mentioned. These continue the IE usage which had reduplicated aorists in primary function and none that were specifically causative : cf. Gk. tne<jvov t tW/cAero, etc.