THE VERB 325 etc.) appear sporadically in the Veda, the latter being always associated with the union vowel -i-. This union vowel is found also in Vedic srnvisd 2 sg. middle. Under the eighth class are classified certain roots formed by the simple suffix oju instead of nojnu. These consist of a number of roots terminating in n : tan - ‘ to stretch 3 sg. tanoti , similarly sanoti ‘ wins 1 (cf. Gk. avvyu ' achieve '), vanoti ‘ wins manuld * thinks ksanoti ' wounds ’, and the root kr- ‘ to do 1 : 3 sg. karoti * There is some uncertainty in interpreting the forms from the roots in -n, since it is possible to argue that here the suffix is really nojnu before which a stands for n appear- ing in the reduced form of the root (tn-neu-ti). On the whole it seems preferable to adopt the simpler theory, and evidence for it may be seen in the existence of Vedic tarute which appears to be exactly parallel to manutd. The other important root classed here, namely kr - ‘to do * [karoti, kuriitd) also presents a problem because both the Vedic language and Iranian agree in inflecting it as a raw-verb (V. krnoti, krnute , Av. kzrdnaoiti , 0 . Pers. akunavam <akrnavam ) . This might suggest that the classical forms are ‘ prakritisms but this is rendered implausible by the fact that a phonetic development of rn to or fur is wholly anomalous in Middle Indo- Aryan,(cf. tfna- * grass f >tdna-, tina t etc., and Pkt. kunai from the Vedic form of the verb). The formation must therefore be regarded as a genuine and ancient dialect variant formed, like tarute , with the simple suffix u t which also appears in the Vedic noun karuna- nt. * action The weak form of the root presents some complication since normally either complete reduction {kr-) or restoration of guna as in tarute might be expected. Since suffixal H which produces the combination -ur- in the weak grade elsewhere [guru-, etc.) is here out of the question, the only theory that remains to explain the form of the w T eak grade is the assumption that the root originally began with a labio-velar. The form kur- may then be classed with those sur- vivals where this labial element is found to function as a vowel (Gk. ywri, Hitt, kunanzi , etc., see p. 74). As to the etymology it seems that the IE root k w el- diverged in Indo-Iranian, con- sequent on the second palatalisation, to produce two roots, on the one hand an intransitive car - ‘ to move, go and on the other hand a transitive kr - ' to do, make The u of the suffix of this verb is always omitted in those
