THE VERB 31 * two forms having been confused. The Gothic form is used only for the 2 dual. S. 2 dbharatam , Gk. tyeperov, 3 dbharatam , Gk. ifaptrrjv. Pf. 2 cakrdthur , 3 cakrdtur , cf. Av. yaetaiar 9. With the primary terminations of the 2, 3 dual it is possible to compare the -its ( <-tes) of Lat. legitis , etc., which is used as 2 plur. As in the first person the dual endings seem to have arisen by the specialisation in dual usage of a variant form of the plural ending. It is also noteworthy that the variation between t and th serves quite a different purpose in the two numbers, to distinguish 2 from 3 in the dual, and to distinguish primary from secondary in the plural. Secondaiy adaptation in both cases would account for this difference. The 3 dual is not of independent origin but merely a variant in form of the 2 dual. The same form may appear for both as in the Gk. primary ending (cftcpeTov). In Balto-Slavonic there appears an ending in -id which in Lithuanian appears only in the second person (sukata, sukato-s) in Slavonic in both (O. SI. 2, 3 vezeta). It corresponds to the secondary ending of the third person in Sanskrit {-tam : Gk. -ttjv, Dor. -rdv) to which -m is a secondary addition. The perfect endings are an Indo-Iranian creation with -ur (Ir. ar) introduced from the 3 plur. Middle Endings 1 Sing. P. bruve 1 I speak Av. -mruye, ydje ‘ I worship Av. yaze. A different formation with -m- as in the active of mi-verbs appears in Greek : <f>£pop.ai, etc. S. non-thematic, dduhi f I milked akri 4 I have done Av. aoji ( aog - 4 to say ’), nwnghi— Skt. (a)mamsi (man- 4 to think', s-aor.). Thematic stems have -e as in the primary system, dbhave> etc. Greek has a quite different ending : ifapofjurjv, Dor. °fidv. Pf. susruvd, Av. susruye with same ending as primary system. Sbj. mdmsai, Av. mdnghai, ydjai, Av. yazdi. Opt. tanmyd , Av. tanuya. 2 Sing. P. bharase, cf, Av. pdtgsahe ‘ you ask Gk. Repeat <f>epr) t Goth, bairaza ; datse ' you give Gk. SiSoa-ai. S. dkrtkas, adhatthds , etc. In contradistinction to Sanskrit, Iranian and Greek both agree in having forms representing IE -so : Av. -zayayha, Gk. €<f>£peo, £p£pov. These bear the same relation to the primary ending -sai as the 3 sing, secondary -to to primary -tai. Pf. same as primary, ririksi , dadki$e l cf. Gk. AeAtu/rcu, SeSoccu. Impv. bhdrasva, Av. barayuha. 3 Sing. P. bhdrate, Gk. (fxpcrai , Goth, bairada f dste * sits
